Core.cpp

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/**
 * MOAB, a Mesh-Oriented datABase, is a software component for creating,
 * storing and accessing finite element mesh data.
 *
 * Copyright 2004 Sandia Corporation.  Under the terms of Contract
 * DE-AC04-94AL85000 with Sandia Corporation, the U.S. Government
 * retains certain rights in this software.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 */

#ifdef WIN32
// turn off warnings that say they debugging identifier has been truncated
// this warning comes up when using some STL containers
#pragma warning( disable : 4786 )
#endif

#define MOAB_MPE_LOG "moab.mpe"

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include "moab/Core.hpp"
#include "MeshSetSequence.hpp"
#include "ElementSequence.hpp"
#include "VertexSequence.hpp"
#include <cassert>
#include "AEntityFactory.hpp"
#include "ReadUtil.hpp"
#include "WriteUtil.hpp"
#include "moab/CN.hpp"
#include "moab/HigherOrderFactory.hpp"
#include "SequenceManager.hpp"
#include "moab/Error.hpp"
#include "moab/ReaderWriterSet.hpp"
#include "moab/ReaderIface.hpp"
#include "moab/WriterIface.hpp"
#include "moab/ScdInterface.hpp"
#include "moab/SetIterator.hpp"

#include "BitTag.hpp"
#include "DenseTag.hpp"
#include "MeshTag.hpp"
#include "SparseTag.hpp"
#include "VarLenDenseTag.hpp"
#include "VarLenSparseTag.hpp"

#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_AHF
#include "moab/HalfFacetRep.hpp"
#endif

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
/* Leave ParallelComm.hpp before mpi.h or MPICH2 will fail
 * because its C++ headers do not like SEEK_* macros.
 */
#include "moab/ParallelComm.hpp"
#include "moab_mpi.h"
#include "ReadParallel.hpp"
#endif

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_HDF5
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_HDF5_PARALLEL
#include "WriteHDF5Parallel.hpp"
typedef moab::WriteHDF5Parallel DefaultWriter;
#define DefaultWriterName "WriteHDF5Parallel"
#else
#include "WriteHDF5.hpp"
typedef moab::WriteHDF5 DefaultWriter;
#define DefaultWriterName "WriteHDF5"
#endif
#elif defined( MOAB_HAVE_NETCDF )
#include "WriteNCDF.hpp"
typedef moab::WriteNCDF DefaultWriter;
#define DefaultWriterName "WriteNCDF"
#else
#include "WriteVtk.hpp"
typedef moab::WriteVtk DefaultWriter;
#define DefaultWriterName "WriteVtk"
#endif
#include "MBTagConventions.hpp"
#include "ExoIIUtil.hpp"
#include "EntitySequence.hpp"
#include "moab/FileOptions.hpp"
#ifdef LINUX
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#endif

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
#include "moab_mpe.h"
#endif

// MOAB used to use a NULL handle list and a zero handle count
// to indicate that tag functions are to operate on the global/mesh
// value of the tag.  For the 3.0 release MOAB also accepted a handle
// with a value of 0 to indicate the same.  Now we want to drop the
// old NULL list method because a) it is one less special case that
// must be handled in the tag get/set paths and b) it aviods unexpected
// segfaults when applications requested tag data with an empty list
// of handles.
//
// Define this constant to revert to the old behavior, but also print
// a warning.
#define ALLOW_NULL_FOR_MESH_TAG
//
// Define this to print an error and abort() when a NULL handle list
// is passed.  This is intended as an interim solution to help catch
// spots in code that haven't been updated for the change.
#undef DISALLOW_EMPTY_HANDLE_LIST_FOR_TAGS
//
// The eventual goal is to define neither of the above, eliminating the
// check and allowing applications to safely request tag data for no
// entities.

static void warn_null_array_mesh_tag()
{
    std::cerr << "WARNING: Accepting empty array to indicate mesh tag" << std::endl;
}

#ifdef ALLOW_NULL_FOR_MESH_TAG
#define CHECK_MESH_NULL                               \
    EntityHandle root = 0;                            \
    if( NULL == entity_handles && 0 == num_entities ) \
    {                                                 \
        entity_handles = &root;                       \
        num_entities   = 1;                           \
        warn_null_array_mesh_tag();                   \
    }
#elif defined( DISALLOW_EMPTY_HANDLE_LIST_FOR_TAGS )
#define CHECK_MESH_NULL                                                                              \
    if( NULL == entity_handles )                                                                     \
    {                                                                                                \
        std::cerr << "ERROR: Deprecated NULL handle list at " __FILE__ ":" << __LINE__ << std::endl; \
        abort();                                                                                     \
    }
#else
#define CHECK_MESH_NULL
#endif

namespace moab
{

using namespace std;

static inline const MeshSet* get_mesh_set( const SequenceManager* sm, EntityHandle h )
{
    const EntitySequence* seq;
    if( MBENTITYSET != TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( h ) || MB_SUCCESS != sm->find( h, seq ) ) return 0;
    return reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq )->get_set( h );
}

static inline MeshSet* get_mesh_set( SequenceManager* sm, EntityHandle h )
{
    EntitySequence* seq;
    if( MBENTITYSET != TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( h ) || MB_SUCCESS != sm->find( h, seq ) ) return 0;
    return reinterpret_cast< MeshSetSequence* >( seq )->get_set( h );
}

//! Constructor
Core::Core()
{
    if( initialize() != MB_SUCCESS )
    {
        printf( "Error initializing moab::Core\n" );
        exit( 1 );
    }
}

//! destructor
Core::~Core()
{
    if( mMBWriteUtil ) delete mMBWriteUtil;
    if( mMBReadUtil ) delete mMBReadUtil;
    if( scdInterface ) delete scdInterface;

    mMBWriteUtil = NULL;
    mMBReadUtil  = NULL;
    scdInterface = NULL;

    deinitialize();
}

ErrorCode Core::initialize()
{
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
    int flag;
    if( MPI_SUCCESS == MPI_Initialized( &flag ) )
    {
        if( flag )
        {
            writeMPELog = !MPE_Initialized_logging();
            if( writeMPELog ) (void)MPE_Init_log();
        }
    }
#endif

    initErrorHandlerInCore = false;
    if( !MBErrorHandler_Initialized() )
    {
        MBErrorHandler_Init();
        initErrorHandlerInCore = true;
    }

    geometricDimension = 3;
    materialTag        = 0;
    neumannBCTag       = 0;
    dirichletBCTag     = 0;
    geomDimensionTag   = 0;
    globalIdTag        = 0;

    sequenceManager = new( std::nothrow ) SequenceManager;
    if( !sequenceManager ) return MB_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;

    aEntityFactory = new( std::nothrow ) AEntityFactory( this );
    if( !aEntityFactory ) return MB_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;

    mError = new( std::nothrow ) Error;
    if( !mError ) return MB_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;

    mMBWriteUtil = NULL;
    mMBReadUtil  = NULL;
    scdInterface = NULL;

    // Readers and writers try to get pointers to above utils.
    // Do this after pointers are initialized. (Pointers should
    // really be initialized in constructor to avoid this kind
    // of thing -- j.kraftcheck.)
    readerWriterSet = new( std::nothrow ) ReaderWriterSet( this );
    if( !readerWriterSet ) return MB_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;

    material_tag();
    neumannBC_tag();
    dirichletBC_tag();
    geom_dimension_tag();
    globalId_tag();

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_AHF
    ahfRep = new HalfFacetRep( this );
    if( !ahfRep ) return MB_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
    mesh_modified = false;
#endif

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

EntityHandle Core::get_root_set()
{
    return 0;
}

void Core::deinitialize()
{

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
    std::vector< ParallelComm* > pc_list;
    ParallelComm::get_all_pcomm( this, pc_list );
    for( std::vector< ParallelComm* >::iterator vit = pc_list.begin(); vit != pc_list.end(); ++vit )
        delete *vit;
#endif

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_AHF
    delete ahfRep;
    ahfRep = 0;
#endif

    if( aEntityFactory ) delete aEntityFactory;

    aEntityFactory = 0;

    while( !tagList.empty() )
        tag_delete( tagList.front() );

    if( sequenceManager ) delete sequenceManager;

    sequenceManager = 0;

    delete readerWriterSet;
    readerWriterSet = 0;

    if( mError ) delete mError;
    mError = 0;

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
    if( writeMPELog )
    {
        const char* default_log = MOAB_MPE_LOG;
        const char* logfile     = getenv( "MPE_LOG_FILE" );
        if( !logfile ) logfile = default_log;
        MPE_Finish_log( logfile );
    }
#endif

    if( initErrorHandlerInCore ) MBErrorHandler_Finalize();
}

ErrorCode Core::query_interface_type( const std::type_info& interface_type, void*& ptr )
{
    if( interface_type == typeid( ReadUtilIface ) )
    {
        if( !mMBReadUtil ) mMBReadUtil = new ReadUtil( this, mError );
        ptr = static_cast< ReadUtilIface* >( mMBReadUtil );
    }
    else if( interface_type == typeid( WriteUtilIface ) )
    {
        if( !mMBWriteUtil ) mMBWriteUtil = new WriteUtil( this );
        ptr = static_cast< WriteUtilIface* >( mMBWriteUtil );
    }
    else if( interface_type == typeid( ReaderWriterSet ) )
    {
        ptr = reader_writer_set();
    }
    else if( interface_type == typeid( Error ) )
    {
        ptr = mError;
    }
    else if( interface_type == typeid( ExoIIInterface ) )
    {
        ptr = static_cast< ExoIIInterface* >( new ExoIIUtil( this ) );
    }
    else if( interface_type == typeid( ScdInterface ) )
    {
        if( !scdInterface ) scdInterface = new ScdInterface( this );
        ptr = scdInterface;
    }
    else
    {
        ptr = 0;
        return MB_FAILURE;
    }
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::release_interface_type( const std::type_info& interface_type, void* iface )
{
    if( interface_type == typeid( ExoIIInterface ) )
        delete static_cast< ExoIIInterface* >( iface );
    else if( interface_type != typeid( ReadUtilIface ) && interface_type != typeid( WriteUtilIface ) &&
             interface_type != typeid( ReaderWriterSet ) && interface_type != typeid( Error ) &&
             interface_type != typeid( ScdInterface ) )
        return MB_FAILURE;

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

int Core::QueryInterface( const MBuuid& uuid, UnknownInterface** iface )
{
    *iface = 0;
    if( uuid == IDD_MBUnknown ) *iface = this;
    if( uuid == IDD_MBCore )
        *iface = this;
    else
        return 0;
    return 1;
}

float Core::impl_version( std::string* version_string )
{
    if( version_string ) *version_string = MOAB_VERSION_STRING;

    return MOAB_VERSION_MAJOR + MOAB_VERSION_MINOR / 100.0f;
}

//! get the type from a handle, returns type
EntityType Core::type_from_handle( const EntityHandle handle ) const
{
    if( !handle )  // root set
        return MBENTITYSET;
    else
        return TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( handle );
}

//! get the id from a handle, returns id
EntityID Core::id_from_handle( const EntityHandle handle ) const
{
    return ID_FROM_HANDLE( handle );
}

//! get a handle from an id and type
ErrorCode Core::handle_from_id( const EntityType entity_type, const EntityID id, EntityHandle& handle ) const
{
    int err;
    handle = CREATE_HANDLE( entity_type, id, err );

    // check to see if handle exists
    const EntitySequence* dummy_seq = 0;
    ErrorCode error_code            = sequence_manager()->find( handle, dummy_seq );
    return error_code;
}

int Core::dimension_from_handle( const EntityHandle handle ) const
{
    if( !handle )  // root set
        return 4;
    else
        return CN::Dimension( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( handle ) );
}

//! load mesh from data in file
//! NOTE: if there is mesh already present, the new mesh will be added
ErrorCode Core::load_mesh( const char* file_name, const int* block_id_list, const int num_blocks )
{
    const char* name = block_id_list ? MATERIAL_SET_TAG_NAME : 0;
    return load_file( file_name, 0, 0, name, block_id_list, num_blocks );
}

ErrorCode Core::load_file( const char* file_name,
                           const EntityHandle* file_set,
                           const char* setoptions,
                           const char* set_tag_name,
                           const int* set_tag_vals,
                           int num_set_tag_vals )
{
    FileOptions opts( setoptions );
    ErrorCode rval;
    ReaderIface::IDTag t       = { set_tag_name, set_tag_vals, num_set_tag_vals };
    ReaderIface::SubsetList sl = { &t, 1, 0, 0 };

    assert( !file_set || ( *file_set && is_valid( *file_set ) ) );
    if( file_set && !*file_set )
    {
        MB_SET_GLB_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "Non-NULL file set pointer should point to non-NULL set" );
    }

    // if reading in parallel, call a different reader
    std::string parallel_opt;
    rval = opts.get_option( "PARALLEL", parallel_opt );
    if( MB_SUCCESS == rval )
    {
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_MPI
        ParallelComm* pcomm = 0;
        int pcomm_id;
        rval = opts.get_int_option( "PARALLEL_COMM", pcomm_id );
        if( MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND == rval ) rval = opts.get_int_option( "PCOMM", pcomm_id );
        if( rval == MB_SUCCESS )
        {
            pcomm = ParallelComm::get_pcomm( this, pcomm_id );
            if( !pcomm ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        else if( rval != MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND )
            return rval;
        if( set_tag_name && num_set_tag_vals )
        {
            rval = ReadParallel( this, pcomm ).load_file( file_name, file_set, opts, &sl );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
        }
        else
        {
            rval = ReadParallel( this, pcomm ).load_file( file_name, file_set, opts );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
        }
#else
        MB_SET_GLB_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "PARALLEL option not valid, this instance compiled for serial execution" );
#endif
    }
    else
    {
        if( set_tag_name && num_set_tag_vals )
        {
            rval = serial_load_file( file_name, file_set, opts, &sl );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
        }
        else
        {
            rval = serial_load_file( file_name, file_set, opts );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
        }
    }

    if( MB_SUCCESS == rval && !opts.all_seen() )
    {
        std::string bad_opt;
        if( MB_SUCCESS == opts.get_unseen_option( bad_opt ) )
        {
            MB_SET_ERR( MB_UNHANDLED_OPTION, "Unrecognized option: \"" << bad_opt << "\"" );
        }
        else
        {
            MB_SET_ERR( MB_UNHANDLED_OPTION, "Unrecognized option" );
        }
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

void Core::clean_up_failed_read( const Range& initial_ents, std::vector< Tag > initial_tags )
{
    Range new_ents;
    get_entities_by_handle( 0, new_ents );
    new_ents = subtract( new_ents, initial_ents );
    delete_entities( new_ents );

    std::vector< Tag > all_tags, new_tags;
    tag_get_tags( all_tags );
    std::sort( initial_tags.begin(), initial_tags.end() );
    std::sort( all_tags.begin(), all_tags.end() );
    std::set_difference( all_tags.begin(), all_tags.end(), initial_tags.begin(), initial_tags.end(),
                         std::back_inserter( new_tags ) );
    while( !new_tags.empty() )
    {
        tag_delete( new_tags.back() );
        new_tags.pop_back();
    }
}

ErrorCode Core::serial_load_file( const char* file_name,
                                  const EntityHandle* file_set,
                                  const FileOptions& opts,
                                  const ReaderIface::SubsetList* subsets,
                                  const Tag* id_tag )
{
    int status;
#if defined( WIN32 ) || defined( WIN64 ) || defined( MSC_VER )
    struct _stat stat_data;
    status = _stat( file_name, &stat_data );
#else
    struct stat stat_data;
    status = stat( file_name, &stat_data );
#endif
    if( status )
    {
        MB_SET_GLB_ERR( MB_FILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST, file_name << ": " << strerror( errno ) );
    }
#if defined( WIN32 ) || defined( WIN64 ) || defined( MSC_VER )
    else if( stat_data.st_mode & _S_IFDIR )
    {
#else
    else if( S_ISDIR( stat_data.st_mode ) )
    {
#endif
        MB_SET_GLB_ERR( MB_FILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST, file_name << ": Cannot read directory/folder" );
    }

    const ReaderWriterSet* set = reader_writer_set();

    Range initial_ents;
    ErrorCode rval = get_entities_by_handle( 0, initial_ents );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );

    std::vector< Tag > initial_tags;
    rval = tag_get_tags( initial_tags );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );

    // otherwise try using the file extension to select a reader
    std::string ext = set->extension_from_filename( file_name );

    // Try all the readers
    ReaderWriterSet::iterator iter;
    rval           = MB_FAILURE;
    bool tried_one = false;
    for( iter = set->begin(); iter != set->end(); ++iter )
    {
        if( !iter->reads_extension( ext.c_str() ) ) continue;

        ReaderIface* reader = iter->make_reader( this );
        if( NULL != reader )
        {
            tried_one = true;
            rval      = reader->load_file( file_name, file_set, opts, subsets, id_tag );
            delete reader;
            if( MB_SUCCESS == rval ) break;
            clean_up_failed_read( initial_ents, initial_tags );
        }
    }

    if( MB_SUCCESS != rval && !tried_one )
    {
        // didn't recognize the extension; try all of them now
        for( iter = set->begin(); iter != set->end(); ++iter )
        {
            ReaderIface* reader = iter->make_reader( this );
            if( !reader ) continue;
            rval = reader->load_file( file_name, file_set, opts, subsets, id_tag );
            delete reader;
            if( MB_SUCCESS == rval )
                break;
            else
                clean_up_failed_read( initial_ents, initial_tags );
        }
    }

    if( MB_SUCCESS != rval )
    {
        clean_up_failed_read( initial_ents, initial_tags );
        MB_SET_ERR( rval, "Failed to load file after trying all possible readers" );
    }
    else if( file_set )
    {
        Range new_ents;
        get_entities_by_handle( 0, new_ents );
        new_ents = subtract( new_ents, initial_ents );

        // Check if gather set exists
        EntityHandle gather_set;
        rval = mMBReadUtil->get_gather_set( gather_set );
        if( MB_SUCCESS == rval )
        {
            // Exclude gather set itself
            new_ents.erase( gather_set );

            // Exclude gather set entities
            Range gather_ents;
            rval = get_entities_by_handle( gather_set, gather_ents );
            if( MB_SUCCESS == rval ) new_ents = subtract( new_ents, gather_ents );
        }

        rval = add_entities( *file_set, new_ents );
    }

    return rval;
}  // namespace moab

ErrorCode Core::serial_read_tag( const char* file_name,
                                 const char* tag_name,
                                 const FileOptions& opts,
                                 std::vector< int >& vals,
                                 const ReaderIface::SubsetList* subsets )
{
    ErrorCode rval             = MB_FAILURE;
    const ReaderWriterSet* set = reader_writer_set();

    // otherwise try using the file extension to select a reader
    ReaderIface* reader = set->get_file_extension_reader( file_name );
    if( reader )
    {
        rval = reader->read_tag_values( file_name, tag_name, opts, vals, subsets );
        delete reader;
    }
    else
    {
        // Try all the readers
        ReaderWriterSet::iterator iter;
        for( iter = set->begin(); iter != set->end(); ++iter )
        {
            reader = iter->make_reader( this );
            if( NULL != reader )
            {
                rval = reader->read_tag_values( file_name, tag_name, opts, vals, subsets );
                delete reader;
                if( MB_SUCCESS == rval ) break;
            }
        }
    }

    return rval;
}

ErrorCode Core::write_mesh( const char* file_name, const EntityHandle* output_list, const int num_sets )
{
    return write_file( file_name, 0, 0, output_list, num_sets );
}

ErrorCode Core::write_file( const char* file_name,
                            const char* file_type,
                            const char* options_string,
                            const EntityHandle* output_sets,
                            int num_output_sets,
                            const Tag* tag_list,
                            int num_tags )
{
    Range range;
    std::copy( output_sets, output_sets + num_output_sets, range_inserter( range ) );
    return write_file( file_name, file_type, options_string, range, tag_list, num_tags );
}

ErrorCode Core::write_file( const char* file_name,
                            const char* file_type,
                            const char* options_string,
                            const Range& output_sets,
                            const Tag* tag_list,
                            int num_tags )
{
    // convert range to vector
    std::vector< EntityHandle > list( output_sets.size() );
    std::copy( output_sets.begin(), output_sets.end(), list.begin() );

    // parse some options
    FileOptions opts( options_string );
    ErrorCode rval;

    rval = opts.get_null_option( "CREATE" );
    if( rval == MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE )
    {
        MB_SET_GLB_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "Unexpected value for CREATE option" );
    }
    bool overwrite = ( rval == MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND );

    // Get the file writer
    std::string ext = ReaderWriterSet::extension_from_filename( file_name );
    std::vector< std::string > qa_records;
    const EntityHandle* list_ptr = list.empty() ? (EntityHandle*)0 : &list[0];

    rval = MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;

    // Try all possible writers
    for( ReaderWriterSet::iterator i = reader_writer_set()->begin(); i != reader_writer_set()->end(); ++i )
    {

        if( ( file_type && !i->name().compare( file_type ) ) || i->writes_extension( ext.c_str() ) )
        {

            WriterIface* writer = i->make_writer( this );

            // write the file
            rval =
                writer->write_file( file_name, overwrite, opts, list_ptr, list.size(), qa_records, tag_list, num_tags );
            delete writer;
            if( MB_SUCCESS == rval ) break;
            printf( "Writer with name %s for file %s using extension %s (file type \"%s\") was "
                    "unsuccessful\n",
                    i->name().c_str(), file_name, ext.c_str(), file_type );
        }
    }

    if( file_type && rval == MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE )
    {
        MB_SET_ERR( rval, "Unrecognized file type \"" << file_type << "\"" );
    }
    // Should we use default writer (e.g. HDF5)?
    else if( MB_SUCCESS != rval )
    {
        DefaultWriter writer( this );
        printf( "Using default writer %s for file %s \n", DefaultWriterName, file_name );
        rval = writer.write_file( file_name, overwrite, opts, list_ptr, list.size(), qa_records, tag_list, num_tags );
    }

    if( MB_SUCCESS == rval && !opts.all_seen() )
    {
        std::string bad_opt;
        if( MB_SUCCESS == opts.get_unseen_option( bad_opt ) )
        {
            MB_SET_ERR( MB_UNHANDLED_OPTION, "Unrecognized option: \"" << bad_opt << "\"" );
        }
        else
        {
            MB_SET_ERR( MB_UNHANDLED_OPTION, "Unrecognized option" );
        }
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! deletes all mesh entities from this datastore
ErrorCode Core::delete_mesh()
{

    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;

    // perform all deinitialization procedures to clean up
    if( aEntityFactory ) delete aEntityFactory;
    aEntityFactory = new AEntityFactory( this );

    for( std::list< TagInfo* >::iterator i = tagList.begin(); i != tagList.end(); ++i )
    {
        result = ( *i )->release_all_data( sequenceManager, mError, false );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }

    sequenceManager->clear();

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! get overall geometric dimension
ErrorCode Core::get_dimension( int& dim ) const
{
    dim = geometricDimension;
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! set overall geometric dimension
/** Returns error if setting to 3 dimensions, mesh has been created, and
 *  there are only 2 dimensions on that mesh
 */
ErrorCode Core::set_dimension( const int dim )
{
    // check to see if current dimension is smaller
    if( geometricDimension < dim )
    {
        // need to check the number of entities
        int num;
        /*ErrorCode result = */ get_number_entities_by_dimension( 0, geometricDimension, num );

        // test written to be more readable but possibly less efficient
        // if (MB_SUCCESS != result) return MB_FAILURE;
        // else if (0 != num && dim == 2 && ycoordTag == 0) return MB_FAILURE;
        // else if (0 != num && dim == 3 && (ycoordTag == 0 || zcoordTag == 0)) return MB_FAILURE;
        // TODO -- replace this with not using xcoordTag, etc...
    }

    // if we got here, it's ok to set dimension
    geometricDimension = dim;
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! get blocked vertex coordinates for all vertices
/** Blocked = all x, then all y, etc.
 */
ErrorCode Core::get_vertex_coordinates( std::vector< double >& coords ) const
{
    // INEFFICIENT implementation for now, until we get blocked tag access
    Range vertices;
    ErrorCode result = get_entities_by_type( 0, MBVERTEX, vertices );MB_CHK_ERR( result );

    // the least we can do is resize the vector and only go through the
    // vertex list once
    int num_verts = vertices.size();
    int vec_pos   = 0;
    double xyz[3];
    coords.resize( geometricDimension * num_verts );
    for( Range::iterator it = vertices.begin(); it != vertices.end(); ++it )
    {
        result = get_coords( &( *it ), 1, xyz );MB_CHK_ERR( result );

        coords[vec_pos]                 = xyz[0];
        coords[num_verts + vec_pos]     = xyz[1];
        coords[2 * num_verts + vec_pos] = xyz[2];

        vec_pos++;
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::coords_iterate( Range::const_iterator iter,
                                Range::const_iterator end,
                                double*& xcoords_ptr,
                                double*& ycoords_ptr,
                                double*& zcoords_ptr,
                                int& count )
{
    EntitySequence* seq;
    ErrorCode rval = sequence_manager()->find( *iter, seq );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != rval )
    {
        xcoords_ptr = ycoords_ptr = zcoords_ptr = NULL;
        MB_SET_ERR( rval, "Couldn't find sequence for start handle" );
    }
    VertexSequence* vseq = dynamic_cast< VertexSequence* >( seq );
    if( !vseq )
    {
        MB_SET_ERR( MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND, "Couldn't find sequence for start handle" );
    }

    unsigned int offset = *iter - vseq->data()->start_handle();
    xcoords_ptr         = reinterpret_cast< double* >( vseq->data()->get_sequence_data( 0 ) ) + offset;
    ycoords_ptr         = reinterpret_cast< double* >( vseq->data()->get_sequence_data( 1 ) ) + offset;
    zcoords_ptr         = reinterpret_cast< double* >( vseq->data()->get_sequence_data( 2 ) ) + offset;

    EntityHandle real_end = std::min( seq->end_handle(), *( iter.end_of_block() ) );
    if( *end ) real_end = std::min( real_end, *end );
    count = real_end - *iter + 1;

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_coords( const Range& entities, double* coords ) const
{
    const TypeSequenceManager& vert_data = sequence_manager()->entity_map( MBVERTEX );
    TypeSequenceManager::const_iterator seq_iter;

    Range::const_pair_iterator i = entities.const_pair_begin();
    EntityHandle first           = i->first;
    while( i != entities.const_pair_end() && TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( i->first ) == MBVERTEX )
    {

        seq_iter = vert_data.lower_bound( first );
        if( seq_iter == vert_data.end() || first < ( *seq_iter )->start_handle() ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
        const VertexSequence* vseq = reinterpret_cast< const VertexSequence* >( *seq_iter );

        EntityID offset = first - vseq->start_handle();
        EntityID count;
        if( i->second <= vseq->end_handle() )
        {
            count = i->second - first + 1;
            ++i;
            if( i != entities.const_pair_end() ) first = i->first;
        }
        else
        {
            count = vseq->end_handle() - first + 1;
            first = vseq->end_handle() + 1;
        }

        double const *x, *y, *z;
        ErrorCode rval = vseq->get_coordinate_arrays( x, y, z );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
        x += offset;
        y += offset;
        z += offset;
        for( EntityID j = 0; j < count; ++j )
        {
            coords[3 * j]     = x[j];
            coords[3 * j + 1] = y[j];
            coords[3 * j + 2] = z[j];
        }
        coords = &coords[3 * count];
    }

    // for non-vertices...
    ErrorCode rval = MB_SUCCESS;
    for( Range::const_iterator rit( &( *i ), i->first ); rit != entities.end(); ++rit )
    {
        rval = get_coords( &( *rit ), 1, coords );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
        coords += 3;
    }

    return rval;
}

/**\author Jason Kraftcheck <[email protected]> - 2007-5-15 */
ErrorCode Core::get_coords( const Range& entities, double* x_coords, double* y_coords, double* z_coords ) const
{
    const TypeSequenceManager& vert_data = sequence_manager()->entity_map( MBVERTEX );
    TypeSequenceManager::const_iterator seq_iter;

    Range::const_pair_iterator i = entities.const_pair_begin();
    EntityHandle first           = i->first;
    while( i != entities.const_pair_end() && TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( i->first ) == MBVERTEX )
    {

        seq_iter = vert_data.lower_bound( first );
        if( seq_iter == vert_data.end() || first < ( *seq_iter )->start_handle() ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
        const VertexSequence* vseq = reinterpret_cast< const VertexSequence* >( *seq_iter );

        EntityID offset = first - vseq->start_handle();
        EntityID count;
        if( i->second <= vseq->end_handle() )
        {
            count = i->second - first + 1;
            ++i;
            if( i != entities.const_pair_end() ) first = i->first;
        }
        else
        {
            count = vseq->end_handle() - first + 1;
            first = vseq->end_handle() + 1;
        }

        double const *x, *y, *z;
        ErrorCode rval = vseq->get_coordinate_arrays( x, y, z );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
        if( x_coords )
        {
            memcpy( x_coords, x + offset, count * sizeof( double ) );
            x_coords += count;
        }
        if( y_coords )
        {
            memcpy( y_coords, y + offset, count * sizeof( double ) );
            y_coords += count;
        }
        if( z_coords )
        {
            memcpy( z_coords, z + offset, count * sizeof( double ) );
            z_coords += count;
        }
    }

    // for non-vertices...
    ErrorCode rval = MB_SUCCESS;
    double xyz[3];
    for( Range::const_iterator rit( &( *i ), i->first ); rit != entities.end(); ++rit )
    {
        rval = get_coords( &( *rit ), 1, xyz );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
        *x_coords++ = xyz[0];
        *y_coords++ = xyz[1];
        *z_coords++ = xyz[2];
    }

    return rval;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_coords( const EntityHandle* entities, const int num_entities, double* coords ) const
{
    const EntitySequence* seq     = NULL;
    const VertexSequence* vseq    = NULL;
    const EntityHandle* const end = entities + num_entities;
    const EntityHandle* iter      = entities;
    ErrorCode status              = MB_SUCCESS;

    while( iter != end )
    {
        if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *iter ) == MBVERTEX )
        {
            if( !seq )
            {
                seq  = sequence_manager()->get_last_accessed_sequence( MBVERTEX );
                vseq = static_cast< const VertexSequence* >( seq );
            }
            if( !vseq )
                return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
            else if( vseq->start_handle() > *iter || vseq->end_handle() < *iter )
            {
                if( MB_SUCCESS != sequence_manager()->find( *iter, seq ) ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
                vseq = static_cast< const VertexSequence* >( seq );
            }
            vseq->get_coordinates( *iter, coords );
        }
        else
        {
            static std::vector< EntityHandle > dum_conn( CN::MAX_NODES_PER_ELEMENT );
            static std::vector< double > dum_pos( 3 * CN::MAX_NODES_PER_ELEMENT );
            static const EntityHandle* conn;
            static int num_conn;
            status = get_connectivity( *iter, conn, num_conn, false, &dum_conn );MB_CHK_ERR( status );
            status = get_coords( conn, num_conn, &dum_pos[0] );MB_CHK_ERR( status );
            coords[0] = coords[1] = coords[2] = 0.0;
            for( int i = 0; i < num_conn; i++ )
            {
                coords[0] += dum_pos[3 * i];
                coords[1] += dum_pos[3 * i + 1];
                coords[2] += dum_pos[3 * i + 2];
            }
            coords[0] /= num_conn;
            coords[1] /= num_conn;
            coords[2] /= num_conn;
        }
        coords += 3;
        ++iter;
    }

    return status;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_coords( const EntityHandle entity_handle,
                            const double*& x,
                            const double*& y,
                            const double*& z ) const
{
    ErrorCode status = MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;

    if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( entity_handle ) == MBVERTEX )
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq = 0;
        status                    = sequence_manager()->find( entity_handle, seq );

        if( seq == 0 || status != MB_SUCCESS ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

        status = static_cast< const VertexSequence* >( seq )->get_coordinates_ref( entity_handle, x, y, z );
    }

    return status;
}

//! set the coordinate information for this handle if it is of type Vertex
//! otherwise, return an error
ErrorCode Core::set_coords( const EntityHandle* entity_handles, const int num_entities, const double* coords )
{

    ErrorCode status = MB_SUCCESS;

    int i, j = 0;

    for( i = 0; i < num_entities; i++ )
    {
        if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( entity_handles[i] ) == MBVERTEX )
        {
            EntitySequence* seq = 0;
            status              = sequence_manager()->find( entity_handles[i], seq );

            if( seq != 0 && status == MB_SUCCESS )
            {
                status = static_cast< VertexSequence* >( seq )->set_coordinates( entity_handles[i], coords[j],
                                                                                 coords[j + 1], coords[j + 2] );
                j += 3;
            }
        }
        else if( status == MB_SUCCESS )
            status = MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    }

    return status;
}

//! set the coordinate information for this handle if it is of type Vertex
//! otherwise, return an error
ErrorCode Core::set_coords( Range entity_handles, const double* coords )
{

    ErrorCode status = MB_SUCCESS;

    int j = 0;

    for( Range::iterator rit = entity_handles.begin(); rit != entity_handles.end(); ++rit )
    {
        if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *rit ) == MBVERTEX )
        {
            EntitySequence* seq = 0;
            status              = sequence_manager()->find( *rit, seq );

            if( seq != 0 && status == MB_SUCCESS )
            {
                status = static_cast< VertexSequence* >( seq )->set_coordinates( *rit, coords[j], coords[j + 1],
                                                                                 coords[j + 2] );
                j += 3;
            }
        }
        else if( status == MB_SUCCESS )
            status = MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    }

    return status;
}

double Core::get_sequence_multiplier() const
{
    return sequenceManager->get_sequence_multiplier();
}

void Core::set_sequence_multiplier( double factor )
{
    assert( factor >= 1.0 );
    sequenceManager->set_sequence_multiplier( factor );
}

//! get global connectivity array for specified entity type
/**  Assumes just vertices, no higher order nodes
 */
ErrorCode Core::get_connectivity_by_type( const EntityType entity_type, std::vector< EntityHandle >& connect ) const
{
    // inefficient implementation until we get blocked tag access

    // get the range of entities of this type
    Range this_range;
    ErrorCode result = get_entities_by_type( 0, entity_type, this_range );

    int num_ents = this_range.size();
    connect.reserve( num_ents * CN::VerticesPerEntity( entity_type ) );

    // now loop over these entities, getting connectivity for each
    for( Range::iterator this_it = this_range.begin(); this_it != this_range.end(); ++this_it )
    {
        const EntityHandle* connect_vec = NULL;
        result                          = get_connectivity( *this_it, connect_vec, num_ents, true );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        connect.insert( connect.end(), &connect_vec[0], &connect_vec[num_ents] );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! get the connectivity for element /handles.  For non-element handles, return an error
ErrorCode Core::get_connectivity( const EntityHandle* entity_handles,
                                  const int num_handles,
                                  Range& connectivity,
                                  bool corners_only ) const
{
    std::vector< EntityHandle > tmp_connect;
    ErrorCode result = get_connectivity( entity_handles, num_handles, tmp_connect, corners_only );MB_CHK_ERR( result );

    std::sort( tmp_connect.begin(), tmp_connect.end() );
    std::copy( tmp_connect.rbegin(), tmp_connect.rend(), range_inserter( connectivity ) );
    return result;
}

//! get the connectivity for element /handles.  For non-element handles, return an error
ErrorCode Core::get_connectivity( const EntityHandle* entity_handles,
                                  const int num_handles,
                                  std::vector< EntityHandle >& connectivity,
                                  bool corners_only,
                                  std::vector< int >* offsets ) const
{
    connectivity.clear();  // this seems wrong as compared to other API functions,
                           // but changing it breaks lost of code, so I'm leaving
                           // it in.  - j.kraftcheck 2009-11-06

    ErrorCode rval;
    std::vector< EntityHandle > tmp_storage;  // used only for structured mesh
    const EntityHandle* conn;
    int len;
    if( offsets ) offsets->push_back( 0 );
    for( int i = 0; i < num_handles; ++i )
    {
        rval = get_connectivity( entity_handles[i], conn, len, corners_only, &tmp_storage );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
        connectivity.insert( connectivity.end(), conn, conn + len );
        if( offsets ) offsets->push_back( connectivity.size() );
    }
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! get the connectivity for element handles.  For non-element handles, return an error
ErrorCode Core::get_connectivity( const EntityHandle entity_handle,
                                  const EntityHandle*& connectivity,
                                  int& number_nodes,
                                  bool corners_only,
                                  std::vector< EntityHandle >* storage ) const
{
    ErrorCode status;

    // Make sure the entity should have a connectivity.
    EntityType entity_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( entity_handle );

    // WARNING: This is very dependent on the ordering of the EntityType enum
    if( entity_type < MBVERTEX || entity_type >= MBENTITYSET )
        return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;

    else if( entity_type == MBVERTEX )
    {
        return MB_FAILURE;
    }

    const EntitySequence* seq = 0;

    // We know that connectivity is stored in an EntitySequence so jump straight
    // to the entity sequence
    status = sequence_manager()->find( entity_handle, seq );
    if( seq == 0 || status != MB_SUCCESS ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    return static_cast< const ElementSequence* >( seq )->get_connectivity( entity_handle, connectivity, number_nodes,
                                                                           corners_only, storage );
}

//! set the connectivity for element handles.  For non-element handles, return an error
ErrorCode Core::set_connectivity( const EntityHandle entity_handle, EntityHandle* connect, const int num_connect )
{
    ErrorCode status = MB_FAILURE;

    // Make sure the entity should have a connectivity.
    // WARNING: This is very dependent on the ordering of the EntityType enum
    EntityType entity_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( entity_handle );

    EntitySequence* seq = 0;

    if( entity_type < MBVERTEX || entity_type > MBENTITYSET ) return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;

    status = sequence_manager()->find( entity_handle, seq );
    if( seq == 0 || status != MB_SUCCESS ) return ( status != MB_SUCCESS ? status : MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND );

    const EntityHandle* old_conn;
    int len;
    status = static_cast< ElementSequence* >( seq )->get_connectivity( entity_handle, old_conn, len );MB_CHK_ERR( status );

    aEntityFactory->notify_change_connectivity( entity_handle, old_conn, connect, num_connect );

    status = static_cast< ElementSequence* >( seq )->set_connectivity( entity_handle, connect, num_connect );
    if( status != MB_SUCCESS )
        aEntityFactory->notify_change_connectivity( entity_handle, connect, old_conn, num_connect );

    return status;
}

template < typename ITER >
static inline ErrorCode get_adjacencies_union( Core* gMB,
                                               ITER begin,
                                               ITER end,
                                               int to_dimension,
                                               bool create_if_missing,
                                               Range& adj_entities )
{
    const size_t DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCKS_SIZE = 4000;
    const size_t MAX_OUTER_ITERATIONS    = 100;

    std::vector< EntityHandle > temp_vec, storage;
    std::vector< EntityHandle >::const_iterator ti;
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS, tmp_result;
    ITER i           = begin;
    Range::iterator ins;
    const EntityHandle* conn;
    int conn_len;

    // Just copy any vertices from the input range into the output
    size_t remaining = end - begin;
    assert( begin + remaining == end );

    // How many entities to work with at once? 2000 or so shouldn't require
    // too much memory, but don't iterate in outer loop more than a
    // 1000 times (make it bigger if many input entiites.)
    const size_t block_size = std::max( DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCKS_SIZE, remaining / MAX_OUTER_ITERATIONS );
    while( remaining > 0 )
    {
        const size_t count = remaining > block_size ? block_size : remaining;
        remaining -= count;
        temp_vec.clear();
        for( size_t j = 0; j < count; ++i, ++j )
        {
            if( CN::Dimension( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *i ) ) == to_dimension )
            {
                temp_vec.push_back( *i );
            }
            else if( to_dimension == 0 && TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *i ) != MBPOLYHEDRON )
            {
                tmp_result = gMB->get_connectivity( *i, conn, conn_len, false, &storage );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != tmp_result )
                {
                    result = tmp_result;
                    continue;
                }
                temp_vec.insert( temp_vec.end(), conn, conn + conn_len );
            }
            else
            {
                tmp_result = gMB->a_entity_factory()->get_adjacencies( *i, to_dimension, create_if_missing, temp_vec );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != tmp_result )
                {
                    result = tmp_result;
                    continue;
                }
            }
        }

        std::sort( temp_vec.begin(), temp_vec.end() );
        ins = adj_entities.begin();
        ti  = temp_vec.begin();
        while( ti != temp_vec.end() )
        {
            EntityHandle first  = *ti;
            EntityHandle second = *ti;
            for( ++ti; ti != temp_vec.end() && ( *ti - second <= 1 ); ++ti )
                second = *ti;
            ins = adj_entities.insert( ins, first, second );
        }
    }
    return result;
}

template < typename ITER >
static inline ErrorCode get_adjacencies_intersection( Core* mb,
                                                      ITER begin,
                                                      ITER end,
                                                      const int to_dimension,
                                                      const bool create_if_missing,
                                                      std::vector< EntityHandle >& adj_entities )
{
    const size_t SORT_THRESHOLD = 200;
    std::vector< EntityHandle > temp_vec;
    std::vector< EntityHandle >::iterator adj_it, w_it;
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;

    if( begin == end )
    {
        adj_entities.clear();  // intersection
        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }

    // First iteration is a special case if input list is empty.
    // Rather than returning nothing (intersecting with empty
    // input list), we begin with the adjacencies for the first entity.
    if( adj_entities.empty() )
    {
        EntityType entity_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *begin );
        if( to_dimension == CN::Dimension( entity_type ) )
            adj_entities.push_back( *begin );
        else if( to_dimension == 0 && entity_type != MBPOLYHEDRON )
        {
            result = mb->get_connectivity( &( *begin ), 1, adj_entities );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        }
        else
        {
            result = mb->a_entity_factory()->get_adjacencies( *begin, to_dimension, create_if_missing, adj_entities );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        }
        ++begin;
    }

    for( ITER from_it = begin; from_it != end; ++from_it )
    {
        // running results kept in adj_entities; clear temp_vec, which is working space
        temp_vec.clear();

        // get the next set of adjacencies
        EntityType entity_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *from_it );
        if( to_dimension == CN::Dimension( entity_type ) )
            temp_vec.push_back( *from_it );
        else if( to_dimension == 0 && entity_type != MBPOLYHEDRON )
        {
            result = mb->get_connectivity( &( *from_it ), 1, temp_vec );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        }
        else
        {
            result = mb->a_entity_factory()->get_adjacencies( *from_it, to_dimension, create_if_missing, temp_vec );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        }

        // otherwise intersect with the current set of results
        w_it = adj_it = adj_entities.begin();
        if( temp_vec.size() * adj_entities.size() < SORT_THRESHOLD )
        {
            for( ; adj_it != adj_entities.end(); ++adj_it )
                if( std::find( temp_vec.begin(), temp_vec.end(), *adj_it ) != temp_vec.end() )
                {
                    *w_it = *adj_it;
                    ++w_it;
                }
        }
        else
        {
            std::sort( temp_vec.begin(), temp_vec.end() );
            for( ; adj_it != adj_entities.end(); ++adj_it )
                if( std::binary_search( temp_vec.begin(), temp_vec.end(), *adj_it ) )
                {
                    *w_it = *adj_it;
                    ++w_it;
                }
        }
        adj_entities.erase( w_it, adj_entities.end() );

        // we're intersecting, so if there are no more results, we're done
        if( adj_entities.empty() ) break;
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

template < typename ITER >
static inline ErrorCode get_adjacencies_intersection( Core* mb,
                                                      ITER begin,
                                                      ITER end,
                                                      const int to_dimension,
                                                      const bool create_if_missing,
                                                      Range& adj_entities )
{
    std::vector< EntityHandle > results;
    ErrorCode rval = moab::get_adjacencies_intersection( mb, begin, end, to_dimension, create_if_missing, results );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );

    if( adj_entities.empty() )
    {
        std::copy( results.begin(), results.end(), range_inserter( adj_entities ) );
        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }

    Range::iterator it = adj_entities.begin();
    while( it != adj_entities.end() )
    {
        if( std::find( results.begin(), results.end(), *it ) == results.end() )
            it = adj_entities.erase( it );
        else
            ++it;
    }
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_AHF

template < typename ITER >
static inline ErrorCode get_adjacencies_intersection_ahf( Core* mb,
                                                          ITER begin,
                                                          ITER end,
                                                          const int to_dimension,
                                                          std::vector< EntityHandle >& adj_entities )
{
    const size_t SORT_THRESHOLD = 200;
    std::vector< EntityHandle > temp_vec;
    std::vector< EntityHandle >::iterator adj_it, w_it;
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;

    if( begin == end )
    {
        adj_entities.clear();  // intersection
        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }

    // First iteration is a special case if input list is empty.
    // Rather than returning nothing (intersecting with empty
    // input list), we begin with the adjacencies for the first entity.
    if( adj_entities.empty() )
    {
        EntityType entity_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *begin );

        if( to_dimension == 0 && entity_type != MBPOLYHEDRON )
            result = mb->get_connectivity( &( *begin ), 1, adj_entities );
        else
            result = mb->a_half_facet_rep()->get_adjacencies( *begin, to_dimension, adj_entities );
        if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) return result;
        ++begin;
    }

    for( ITER from_it = begin; from_it != end; ++from_it )
    {
        // running results kept in adj_entities; clear temp_vec, which is working space
        temp_vec.clear();

        // get the next set of adjacencies
        EntityType entity_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *from_it );
        if( to_dimension == 0 && entity_type != MBPOLYHEDRON )
            result = mb->get_connectivity( &( *from_it ), 1, temp_vec );
        else
            result = mb->a_half_facet_rep()->get_adjacencies( *from_it, to_dimension, temp_vec );
        if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) return result;

        // otherwise intersect with the current set of results
        w_it = adj_it = adj_entities.begin();
        if( temp_vec.size() * adj_entities.size() < SORT_THRESHOLD )
        {
            for( ; adj_it != adj_entities.end(); ++adj_it )
                if( std::find( temp_vec.begin(), temp_vec.end(), *adj_it ) != temp_vec.end() )
                {
                    *w_it = *adj_it;
                    ++w_it;
                }
        }
        else
        {
            std::sort( temp_vec.begin(), temp_vec.end() );
            for( ; adj_it != adj_entities.end(); ++adj_it )
                if( std::binary_search( temp_vec.begin(), temp_vec.end(), *adj_it ) )
                {
                    *w_it = *adj_it;
                    ++w_it;
                }
        }
        adj_entities.erase( w_it, adj_entities.end() );

        // we're intersecting, so if there are no more results, we're done
        if( adj_entities.empty() ) break;
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

///////////////////////////////////////////

ErrorCode Core::get_adjacencies( const EntityHandle* from_entities,
                                 const int num_entities,
                                 const int to_dimension,
                                 const bool create_if_missing,
                                 std::vector< EntityHandle >& adj_entities,
                                 const int operation_type )
{

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_AHF
    bool can_handle = true;

    if( to_dimension == 4 )
        can_handle = false;  // NOT SUPPORTED: meshsets
    else if( create_if_missing )
        can_handle = false;  // NOT SUPPORTED: create_if_missing

    bool mixed = ahfRep->check_mixed_entity_type();  // NOT SUPPORTED: mixed entity types or
                                                     // polygonal/hedrals types
    if( mixed ) can_handle = false;

    if( mesh_modified )  // NOT SUPPORTED: modified mesh
        can_handle = false;

    if( can_handle )
    {
        ErrorCode result;
        if( operation_type == Interface::INTERSECT )
            return get_adjacencies_intersection_ahf( this, from_entities, from_entities + num_entities, to_dimension,
                                                     adj_entities );
        else if( operation_type != Interface::UNION )
            return MB_FAILURE;

        // do union

        std::vector< EntityHandle > tmp_storage;
        const EntityHandle* conn;
        int len;
        for( int i = 0; i < num_entities; ++i )
        {
            if( to_dimension == 0 && TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( from_entities[0] ) != MBPOLYHEDRON )
            {
                result = get_connectivity( from_entities[i], conn, len, false, &tmp_storage );
                adj_entities.insert( adj_entities.end(), conn, conn + len );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) return result;
            }
            else
            {
                result = ahfRep->get_adjacencies( from_entities[i], to_dimension, adj_entities );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) return result;
            }
        }
        std::sort( adj_entities.begin(), adj_entities.end() );
        adj_entities.erase( std::unique( adj_entities.begin(), adj_entities.end() ), adj_entities.end() );
    }
    else
    {

#endif

        if( operation_type == Interface::INTERSECT )
            return get_adjacencies_intersection( this, from_entities, from_entities + num_entities, to_dimension,
                                                 create_if_missing, adj_entities );
        else if( operation_type != Interface::UNION )
            return MB_FAILURE;

        // do union
        ErrorCode result;
        std::vector< EntityHandle > tmp_storage;
        const EntityHandle* conn;
        int len;
        for( int i = 0; i < num_entities; ++i )
        {
            if( to_dimension == 0 && TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( from_entities[0] ) != MBPOLYHEDRON )
            {
                result = get_connectivity( from_entities[i], conn, len, false, &tmp_storage );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
                adj_entities.insert( adj_entities.end(), conn, conn + len );
            }
            else
            {
                result =
                    aEntityFactory->get_adjacencies( from_entities[i], to_dimension, create_if_missing, adj_entities );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
            }
        }
        std::sort( adj_entities.begin(), adj_entities.end() );
        adj_entities.erase( std::unique( adj_entities.begin(), adj_entities.end() ), adj_entities.end() );

        // return MB_SUCCESS;

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_AHF
    }
#endif

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_adjacencies( const EntityHandle* from_entities,
                                 const int num_entities,
                                 const int to_dimension,
                                 const bool create_if_missing,
                                 Range& adj_entities,
                                 const int operation_type )
{
    if( operation_type == Interface::INTERSECT )
        return get_adjacencies_intersection( this, from_entities, from_entities + num_entities, to_dimension,
                                             create_if_missing, adj_entities );
    else if( operation_type == Interface::UNION )
        return get_adjacencies_union( this, from_entities, from_entities + num_entities, to_dimension,
                                      create_if_missing, adj_entities );
    else
        return MB_FAILURE;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_connectivity( const Range& from_entities, Range& adj_entities, bool corners_only ) const
{
    const size_t DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCKS_SIZE = 4000;
    const size_t MAX_OUTER_ITERATIONS    = 100;

    std::vector< EntityHandle > temp_vec, storage;
    std::vector< EntityHandle >::const_iterator ti;
    ErrorCode result        = MB_SUCCESS, tmp_result;
    Range::const_iterator i = from_entities.begin();
    Range::iterator ins;
    const EntityHandle* conn;
    int conn_len;

    // Just copy any vertices from the input range into the output
    size_t remaining = from_entities.size();
    for( ; i != from_entities.end() && TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *i ) == MBVERTEX; ++i )
        --remaining;
    adj_entities.merge( from_entities.begin(), i );

    // How many entities to work with at once? 2000 or so shouldn't require
    // too much memory, but don't iterate in outer loop more than a
    // 1000 times (make it bigger if many input entiites.)
    const size_t block_size = std::max( DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCKS_SIZE, remaining / MAX_OUTER_ITERATIONS );
    while( remaining > 0 )
    {
        const size_t count = remaining > block_size ? block_size : remaining;
        remaining -= count;
        temp_vec.clear();
        for( size_t j = 0; j < count; ++i, ++j )
        {
            tmp_result = get_connectivity( *i, conn, conn_len, corners_only, &storage );
            if( MB_SUCCESS != tmp_result )
            {
                result = tmp_result;
                continue;
            }

            const size_t oldsize = temp_vec.size();
            temp_vec.resize( oldsize + conn_len );
            memcpy( &temp_vec[oldsize], conn, sizeof( EntityHandle ) * conn_len );
        }

        std::sort( temp_vec.begin(), temp_vec.end() );
        ins = adj_entities.begin();
        ti  = temp_vec.begin();
        while( ti != temp_vec.end() )
        {
            EntityHandle first  = *ti;
            EntityHandle second = *ti;
            for( ++ti; ti != temp_vec.end() && ( *ti - second <= 1 ); ++ti )
                second = *ti;
            ins = adj_entities.insert( ins, first, second );
        }
    }
    return result;
}

ErrorCode Core::connect_iterate( Range::const_iterator iter,
                                 Range::const_iterator end,
                                 EntityHandle*& connect,
                                 int& verts_per_entity,
                                 int& count )
{
    // Make sure the entity should have a connectivity.
    EntityType entity_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *iter );

    // WARNING: This is very dependent on the ordering of the EntityType enum
    if( entity_type <= MBVERTEX || entity_type >= MBENTITYSET ) return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;

    EntitySequence* seq = NULL;

    // We know that connectivity is stored in an EntitySequence so jump straight
    // to the entity sequence
    ErrorCode rval = sequence_manager()->find( *iter, seq );
    if( !seq || rval != MB_SUCCESS ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    ElementSequence* eseq = dynamic_cast< ElementSequence* >( seq );
    assert( eseq != NULL );

    connect = eseq->get_connectivity_array();
    if( !connect )
    {
        MB_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "Couldn't find connectivity array for start handle" );
    }

    connect += eseq->nodes_per_element() * ( *iter - eseq->start_handle() );

    EntityHandle real_end = std::min( eseq->end_handle(), *( iter.end_of_block() ) );
    if( *end ) real_end = std::min( real_end, *end );
    count = real_end - *iter + 1;

    verts_per_entity = eseq->nodes_per_element();

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_vertices( const Range& from_entities, Range& vertices )
{
    Range range;
    ErrorCode rval = get_connectivity( from_entities, range );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );

    // If input contained polyhedra, connectivity will contain faces.
    // Get vertices from faces.
    if( !range.all_of_dimension( 0 ) )
    {
        Range::iterator it = range.upper_bound( MBVERTEX );
        Range polygons;
        polygons.merge( it, range.end() );
        range.erase( it, range.end() );
        rval = get_connectivity( polygons, range );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
    }

    if( vertices.empty() )
        vertices.swap( range );
    else
        vertices.merge( range );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_adjacencies( const Range& from_entities,
                                 const int to_dimension,
                                 const bool create_if_missing,
                                 Range& adj_entities,
                                 const int operation_type )
{
    if( operation_type == Interface::INTERSECT )
        return get_adjacencies_intersection( this, from_entities.begin(), from_entities.end(), to_dimension,
                                             create_if_missing, adj_entities );
    else if( operation_type != Interface::UNION )
        return MB_FAILURE;
    else if( to_dimension == 0 )
        return get_vertices( from_entities, adj_entities );
    else
        return get_adjacencies_union( this, from_entities.begin(), from_entities.end(), to_dimension, create_if_missing,
                                      adj_entities );
}

ErrorCode Core::add_adjacencies( const EntityHandle entity_handle,
                                 const EntityHandle* adjacencies,
                                 const int num_handles,
                                 bool both_ways )
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;

    for( const EntityHandle* it = adjacencies; it != adjacencies + num_handles; it++ )
    {
        result = aEntityFactory->add_adjacency( entity_handle, *it, both_ways );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::add_adjacencies( const EntityHandle entity_handle, Range& adjacencies, bool both_ways )
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;

    for( Range::iterator rit = adjacencies.begin(); rit != adjacencies.end(); ++rit )
    {
        result = aEntityFactory->add_adjacency( entity_handle, *rit, both_ways );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::remove_adjacencies( const EntityHandle entity_handle,
                                    const EntityHandle* adjacencies,
                                    const int num_handles )
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;

    for( const EntityHandle* it = adjacencies; it != adjacencies + num_handles; it++ )
    {
        result = aEntityFactory->remove_adjacency( entity_handle, *it );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        result = aEntityFactory->remove_adjacency( *it, entity_handle );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::adjacencies_iterate( Range::const_iterator iter,
                                     Range::const_iterator end,
                                     const std::vector< EntityHandle >**& adjs_ptr,
                                     int& count )
{
    // Make sure the entity should have a connectivity.
    EntityType entity_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *iter );

    // WARNING: This is very dependent on the ordering of the EntityType enum
    if( entity_type < MBVERTEX || entity_type > MBENTITYSET ) return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;

    EntitySequence* seq = NULL;

    // We know that connectivity is stored in an EntitySequence so jump straight
    // to the entity sequence
    ErrorCode rval = sequence_manager()->find( *iter, seq );
    if( !seq || rval != MB_SUCCESS ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    adjs_ptr = const_cast< const std::vector< EntityHandle >** >( seq->data()->get_adjacency_data() );
    if( !adjs_ptr ) return rval;

    adjs_ptr += *iter - seq->data()->start_handle();

    EntityHandle real_end = *( iter.end_of_block() );
    if( *end ) real_end = std::min( real_end, *end );
    count = real_end - *iter + 1;

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_entities_by_dimension( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                           const int dimension,
                                           Range& entities,
                                           const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;
    if( meshset )
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq;
        result = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );
        result = mseq->get_dimension( sequence_manager(), meshset, dimension, entities, recursive );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }
    else if( dimension > 3 )
    {
        sequence_manager()->get_entities( MBENTITYSET, entities );
    }
    else
    {
        for( EntityType this_type = CN::TypeDimensionMap[dimension].first;
             this_type <= CN::TypeDimensionMap[dimension].second; this_type++ )
        {
            sequence_manager()->get_entities( this_type, entities );
        }
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_entities_by_dimension( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                           const int dimension,
                                           std::vector< EntityHandle >& entities,
                                           const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;
    if( meshset )
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq;
        result = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );
        result = mseq->get_dimension( sequence_manager(), meshset, dimension, entities, recursive );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }
    else if( dimension > 3 )
    {
        sequence_manager()->get_entities( MBENTITYSET, entities );
    }
    else
    {
        for( EntityType this_type = CN::TypeDimensionMap[dimension].first;
             this_type <= CN::TypeDimensionMap[dimension].second; this_type++ )
        {
            sequence_manager()->get_entities( this_type, entities );
        }
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_entities_by_type( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                      const EntityType entity_type,
                                      Range& entities,
                                      const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;
    if( meshset )
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq;
        result = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );
        result                      = mseq->get_type( sequence_manager(), meshset, entity_type, entities, recursive );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }
    else
    {
        sequence_manager()->get_entities( entity_type, entities );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_entities_by_type( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                      const EntityType entity_type,
                                      std::vector< EntityHandle >& entities,
                                      const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;
    if( meshset )
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq;
        result = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );
        result                      = mseq->get_type( sequence_manager(), meshset, entity_type, entities, recursive );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }
    else
    {
        sequence_manager()->get_entities( entity_type, entities );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_entities_by_type_and_tag( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                              const EntityType entity_type,
                                              const Tag* tags,
                                              const void* const* values,
                                              const int num_tags,
                                              Range& entities,
                                              const int condition,
                                              const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result;
    Range range;

    result = get_entities_by_type( meshset, entity_type, range, recursive );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    if( !entities.empty() && Interface::INTERSECT == condition ) range = intersect( entities, range );

    // For each tag:
    //  if operation is INTERSECT remove from 'range' any non-tagged entities
    //  if operation is UNION add to 'entities' any tagged entities
    for( int it = 0; it < num_tags && !range.empty(); it++ )
    {
        if( !valid_tag_handle( tags[it] ) ) return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;

        // Of the entities in 'range', put in 'tmp_range' the subset
        // that are tagged as requested for this tag.
        Range tmp_range;

        // get the entities with this tag/value combo
        if( NULL == values || NULL == values[it] )
        {
            result = tags[it]->get_tagged_entities( sequenceManager, tmp_range, entity_type, &range );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        }
        else
        {
            result = tags[it]->find_entities_with_value( sequenceManager, mError, tmp_range, values[it], 0, entity_type,
                                                         &range );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
            // if there is a default value, then we should return all entities
            // that are untagged
            if( tags[it]->equals_default_value( values[it] ) )
            {
                Range all_tagged, untagged;
                result = tags[it]->get_tagged_entities( sequenceManager, all_tagged, entity_type, &range );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
                // add to 'tmp_range' any untagged entities in 'range'
                tmp_range.merge( subtract( range, all_tagged ) );
            }
        }

        // The above calls should have already done the intersect for us.
        if( Interface::INTERSECT == condition )
            range.swap( tmp_range );
        else
            entities.merge( tmp_range );
    }

    if( Interface::INTERSECT == condition ) entities.swap( range );

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_entities_by_handle( const EntityHandle meshset, Range& entities, const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;
    if( meshset )
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq;
        result = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );
        result                      = mseq->get_entities( sequence_manager(), meshset, entities, recursive );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }
    else
    {
        // iterate backwards so range insertion is quicker
        for( EntityType entity_type = MBENTITYSET; entity_type >= MBVERTEX; --entity_type )
            sequence_manager()->get_entities( entity_type, entities );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_entities_by_handle( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                        std::vector< EntityHandle >& entities,
                                        const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result;
    if( recursive || !meshset )
    {
        Range tmp_range;
        result        = get_entities_by_handle( meshset, tmp_range, recursive );
        size_t offset = entities.size();
        entities.resize( offset + tmp_range.size() );
        std::copy( tmp_range.begin(), tmp_range.end(), entities.begin() + offset );
    }
    else
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq;
        result = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );
        result                      = mseq->get_entities( meshset, entities );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! get # entities of a given dimension
ErrorCode Core::get_number_entities_by_dimension( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                                  const int dim,
                                                  int& number,
                                                  const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;

    if( !meshset )
    {
        number = 0;
        for( EntityType this_type = CN::TypeDimensionMap[dim].first; this_type <= CN::TypeDimensionMap[dim].second;
             this_type++ )
        {
            number += sequence_manager()->get_number_entities( this_type );
        }
    }
    else
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq;
        result = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );
        result                      = mseq->num_dimension( sequence_manager(), meshset, dim, number, recursive );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! returns the number of entities with a given type and tag
ErrorCode Core::get_number_entities_by_type( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                             const EntityType entity_type,
                                             int& num_ent,
                                             const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;

    if( recursive && entity_type == MBENTITYSET )  // will never return anything
        return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;

    if( meshset )
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq;
        result = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );
        result                      = mseq->num_type( sequence_manager(), meshset, entity_type, num_ent, recursive );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }
    else
    {
        num_ent = sequence_manager()->get_number_entities( entity_type );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_number_entities_by_type_and_tag( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                                     const EntityType entity_type,
                                                     const Tag* tag_handles,
                                                     const void* const* values,
                                                     const int num_tags,
                                                     int& num_entities,
                                                     int condition,
                                                     const bool recursive ) const
{
    Range dum_ents;
    ErrorCode result = get_entities_by_type_and_tag( meshset, entity_type, tag_handles, values, num_tags, dum_ents,
                                                     condition, recursive );
    num_entities     = dum_ents.size();
    return result;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_number_entities_by_handle( const EntityHandle meshset, int& num_ent, const bool recursive ) const
{
    ErrorCode result;
    if( meshset )
    {
        const EntitySequence* seq;
        result = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );
        return mseq->num_entities( sequence_manager(), meshset, num_ent, recursive );
    }

    num_ent = 0;
    for( EntityType this_type = MBVERTEX; this_type < MBMAXTYPE; this_type++ )
    {
        int dummy = 0;
        result    = get_number_entities_by_type( 0, this_type, dummy );
        if( result != MB_SUCCESS )
        {
            num_ent = 0;
            return result;
        }
        num_ent += dummy;
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! return the tag data for a given EntityHandle and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_data( const Tag tag_handle,
                              const EntityHandle* entity_handles,
                              int num_entities,
                              void* tag_data ) const
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    CHECK_MESH_NULL
    return tag_handle->get_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, num_entities, tag_data );
}

//! return the tag data for a given EntityHandle and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_data( const Tag tag_handle, const Range& entity_handles, void* tag_data ) const
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    return tag_handle->get_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, tag_data );
}

//! set the data  for given EntityHandles and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_set_data( Tag tag_handle,
                              const EntityHandle* entity_handles,
                              int num_entities,
                              const void* tag_data )
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    CHECK_MESH_NULL
    return tag_handle->set_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, num_entities, tag_data );
}

//! set the data  for given EntityHandles and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_set_data( Tag tag_handle, const Range& entity_handles, const void* tag_data )
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    return tag_handle->set_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, tag_data );
}

//! return the tag data for a given EntityHandle and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_by_ptr( const Tag tag_handle,
                                const EntityHandle* entity_handles,
                                int num_entities,
                                const void** tag_data,
                                int* tag_sizes ) const
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    CHECK_MESH_NULL
    ErrorCode result =
        tag_handle->get_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, num_entities, tag_data, tag_sizes );
    int typesize = TagInfo::size_from_data_type( tag_handle->get_data_type() );
    if( tag_sizes && typesize != 1 )
        for( int i = 0; i < num_entities; ++i )
            tag_sizes[i] /= typesize;
    return result;
}

//! return the tag data for a given EntityHandle and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_by_ptr( const Tag tag_handle,
                                const Range& entity_handles,
                                const void** tag_data,
                                int* tag_sizes ) const
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    ErrorCode result = tag_handle->get_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, tag_data, tag_sizes );
    int typesize     = TagInfo::size_from_data_type( tag_handle->get_data_type() );
    if( tag_sizes && typesize != 1 )
    {
        int num_entities = entity_handles.size();
        for( int i = 0; i < num_entities; ++i )
            tag_sizes[i] /= typesize;
    }
    return result;
}

//! set the data  for given EntityHandles and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_set_by_ptr( Tag tag_handle,
                                const EntityHandle* entity_handles,
                                int num_entities,
                                void const* const* tag_data,
                                const int* tag_sizes )
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    CHECK_MESH_NULL
    std::vector< int > tmp_sizes;
    int typesize = TagInfo::size_from_data_type( tag_handle->get_data_type() );
    if( typesize != 1 && tag_sizes )
    {
        tmp_sizes.resize( num_entities );
        for( int i = 0; i < num_entities; ++i )
            tmp_sizes[i] = tag_sizes[i] * typesize;
        tag_sizes = &tmp_sizes[0];
    }
    return tag_handle->set_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, num_entities, tag_data, tag_sizes );
}

//! set the data  for given EntityHandles and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_set_by_ptr( Tag tag_handle,
                                const Range& entity_handles,
                                void const* const* tag_data,
                                const int* tag_sizes )
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    std::vector< int > tmp_sizes;
    int typesize = TagInfo::size_from_data_type( tag_handle->get_data_type() );
    if( typesize != 1 && tag_sizes )
    {
        int num_entities = entity_handles.size();
        tmp_sizes.resize( num_entities );
        for( int i = 0; i < num_entities; ++i )
            tmp_sizes[i] = tag_sizes[i] * typesize;
        tag_sizes = &tmp_sizes[0];
    }
    return tag_handle->set_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, tag_data, tag_sizes );
}

//! set the data  for given EntityHandles and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_clear_data( Tag tag_handle,
                                const EntityHandle* entity_handles,
                                int num_entities,
                                const void* tag_data,
                                int tag_size )
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    CHECK_MESH_NULL
    return tag_handle->clear_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, num_entities, tag_data,
                                   tag_size * TagInfo::size_from_data_type( tag_handle->get_data_type() ) );
}

//! set the data  for given EntityHandles and Tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_clear_data( Tag tag_handle, const Range& entity_handles, const void* tag_data, int tag_size )
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    return tag_handle->clear_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, tag_data,
                                   tag_size * TagInfo::size_from_data_type( tag_handle->get_data_type() ) );
}

static bool is_zero_bytes( const void* mem, size_t size )
{
    const char* iter      = reinterpret_cast< const char* >( mem );
    const char* const end = iter + size;
    for( ; iter != end; ++iter )
        if( *iter ) return false;
    return true;
}

ErrorCode Core::tag_get_handle( const char* name,
                                int size,
                                DataType data_type,
                                Tag& tag_handle,
                                unsigned flags,
                                const void* default_value,
                                bool* created )
{
    if( created ) *created = false;

    // we always work with sizes in bytes internally
    if( !( ( flags & MB_TAG_VARLEN ) && size == MB_VARIABLE_LENGTH ) )
    {
        if( flags & MB_TAG_BYTES )
        {
            if( size % TagInfo::size_from_data_type( data_type ) ) return MB_INVALID_SIZE;
        }
        else
        {
            size *= TagInfo::size_from_data_type( data_type );
        }
    }

    const TagType storage = static_cast< TagType >( flags & 3 );

    // search for an existing tag
    tag_handle = 0;
    if( name && *name )
    {  // not anonymous tag
        for( std::list< Tag >::iterator i = tagList.begin(); i != tagList.end(); ++i )
        {
            if( ( *i )->get_name() == name )
            {
                tag_handle = *i;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if( tag_handle )
    {
        if( flags & MB_TAG_EXCL ) return MB_ALREADY_ALLOCATED;
        // user asked that we not check anything
        if( flags & MB_TAG_ANY ) return MB_SUCCESS;
        // user asked that we also match storage types
        if( ( flags & MB_TAG_STORE ) && tag_handle->get_storage_type() != storage ) return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;
        // check if data type matches
        const DataType extype = tag_handle->get_data_type();
        if( extype != data_type )
        {
            if( flags & MB_TAG_NOOPQ )
                return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;
            else if( extype != MB_TYPE_OPAQUE && data_type != MB_TYPE_OPAQUE )
                return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;
        }

        // Require that the size value be zero or MB_VARIABLE_LENGTH
        // for variable length tags.  The caller passing such a size
        // value is sufficient to indicate that the caller is aware
        // that it is requesting a variable-length tag, so no need
        // to also require/check the MB_TAG_VARLEN bit in the flags.
        if( tag_handle->variable_length() )
        {
            if( size != 0 && size != MB_VARIABLE_LENGTH && !( flags & MB_TAG_VARLEN ) ) return MB_INVALID_SIZE;
        }
        // But /do/ fail if MB_TAG_VARLEN flag is set and tag is
        // not variable length.
        else if( flags & MB_TAG_VARLEN )
            return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;
        // check size for fixed-length tag
        else if( tag_handle->get_size() != size )
            return MB_INVALID_SIZE;

        // If user passed a default value, check that it matches.
        // If user did not pass a default value, assume they're OK
        // with the existing one.
        // If tag does not have a default value but the user passed
        // one, allow it only if the tag is dense and the passed value
        // is all zero bytes because dense tags have an implicit default
        // value of all zeros in some cases.
        if( default_value && !( flags & MB_TAG_DFTOK ) &&
            !( tag_handle->equals_default_value( default_value, size ) ||
               ( !tag_handle->get_default_value() && tag_handle->get_storage_type() == MB_TAG_DENSE &&
                 is_zero_bytes( default_value, size ) ) ) )
            return MB_ALREADY_ALLOCATED;

        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }

    // MB_TAG_EXCL implies MB_TAG_CREAT
    if( !( flags & ( MB_TAG_CREAT | MB_TAG_EXCL ) ) ) return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;

    // if a non-opaque non-bit type was specified, then the size
    // must be multiple of the size of the type
    if( ( !( flags & MB_TAG_VARLEN ) || default_value ) &&
        ( size <= 0 || ( size % TagInfo::size_from_data_type( data_type ) ) != 0 ) )
        return MB_INVALID_SIZE;

    // if MB_TYPE_BIT may be used only with MB_TAG_BIT
    // if (storage != MB_TAG_BIT && data_type == MB_TYPE_BIT)
    //    return MB_INVALID_ARG;
    if( data_type == MB_TYPE_BIT ) flags &= ~(unsigned)( MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_SPARSE );

    // create the tag
    switch( flags & ( MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_SPARSE | MB_TAG_MESH | MB_TAG_VARLEN ) )
    {
        case MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_VARLEN:
            tag_handle = VarLenDenseTag::create_tag( sequenceManager, mError, name, data_type, default_value, size );
            break;
        case MB_TAG_DENSE:
            tag_handle = DenseTag::create_tag( sequenceManager, mError, name, size, data_type, default_value );
            break;
        case MB_TAG_SPARSE | MB_TAG_VARLEN:
            tag_handle = new VarLenSparseTag( name, data_type, default_value, size );
            break;
        case MB_TAG_SPARSE:
            tag_handle = new SparseTag( name, size, data_type, default_value );
            break;
        case MB_TAG_MESH | MB_TAG_VARLEN:
            tag_handle = new MeshTag( name, MB_VARIABLE_LENGTH, data_type, default_value, size );
            break;
        case MB_TAG_MESH:
            tag_handle = new MeshTag( name, size, data_type, default_value, size );
            break;
        case MB_TAG_BIT:
            if( MB_TYPE_BIT != data_type && MB_TYPE_OPAQUE != data_type ) return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;
            tag_handle = BitTag::create_tag( name, size, default_value );
            break;
        default:  // some illegal combination (multiple storage types, variable-length bit tag, etc.)
            return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    }

    if( !tag_handle ) return MB_INVALID_SIZE;

    if( created ) *created = true;
    tagList.push_back( tag_handle );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::tag_get_handle( const char* name,
                                int size,
                                DataType data_type,
                                Tag& tag_handle,
                                unsigned flags,
                                const void* default_value ) const
{
    // If caller specified MB_TAG_EXCL, then we must fail because
    // this const function can never create a tag.  We need to test
    // this here because the non-const version of this function
    // assumes MB_TAG_CREAT if MB_TAG_EXCL is specified.
    if( flags & MB_TAG_EXCL )
    {
        // anonymous tag?
        if( !name || !*name ) return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;

        // search for an existing tag
        tag_handle = 0;
        for( std::list< Tag >::const_iterator i = tagList.begin(); i != tagList.end(); ++i )
        {
            if( ( *i )->get_name() == name )
            {
                tag_handle = *i;
                return MB_ALREADY_ALLOCATED;
            }
        }

        return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;
    }

    return const_cast< Core* >( this )->tag_get_handle( name, size, data_type, tag_handle,
                                                        flags & ~(unsigned)MB_TAG_CREAT, default_value );
}

//! removes the tag from the entity
ErrorCode Core::tag_delete_data( Tag tag_handle, const EntityHandle* entity_handles, int num_entities )
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    CHECK_MESH_NULL
    return tag_handle->remove_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles, num_entities );
}

//! removes the tag from the entity
ErrorCode Core::tag_delete_data( Tag tag_handle, const Range& entity_handles )
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    return tag_handle->remove_data( sequenceManager, mError, entity_handles );
}

//! removes the tag from MB
ErrorCode Core::tag_delete( Tag tag_handle )
{
    std::list< TagInfo* >::iterator i = std::find( tagList.begin(), tagList.end(), tag_handle );
    if( i == tagList.end() ) return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;

    ErrorCode rval = tag_handle->release_all_data( sequenceManager, mError, true );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );

    tagList.erase( i );
    delete tag_handle;
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::tag_iterate( Tag tag_handle,
                             Range::const_iterator iter,
                             Range::const_iterator end,
                             int& count,
                             void*& data_ptr,
                             bool allocate )
{
    Range::const_iterator init = iter;
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    ErrorCode result = tag_handle->tag_iterate( sequenceManager, mError, iter, end, data_ptr, allocate );
    if( MB_SUCCESS == result ) count = iter - init;
    return result;
}

//! gets the tag name string for the tag_handle
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_name( const Tag tag_handle, std::string& tag_name ) const
{
    if( !valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) ) return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;
    tag_name = tag_handle->get_name();
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::tag_get_handle( const char* tag_name, Tag& tag_handle ) const
{
    return tag_get_handle( tag_name, 0, MB_TYPE_OPAQUE, tag_handle, MB_TAG_ANY );
}

//! get size of tag in bytes
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_bytes( const Tag tag_handle, int& tag_size ) const
{
    if( !valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) ) return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;

    if( tag_handle->variable_length() )
    {
        tag_size = MB_VARIABLE_LENGTH;
        return MB_VARIABLE_DATA_LENGTH;
    }
    else if( tag_handle->get_storage_type() == MB_TAG_BIT )
    {
        tag_size = 1;
        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }
    else
    {
        tag_size = tag_handle->get_size();
        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }
}

//! get size of tag in $values
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_length( const Tag tag_handle, int& tag_size ) const
{
    if( !valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) ) return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;

    if( tag_handle->variable_length() )
    {
        tag_size = MB_VARIABLE_LENGTH;
        return MB_VARIABLE_DATA_LENGTH;
    }
    else
    {
        tag_size = tag_handle->get_size() / TagInfo::size_from_data_type( tag_handle->get_data_type() );
        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }
}

ErrorCode Core::tag_get_data_type( const Tag handle, DataType& data_type ) const
{
    if( !valid_tag_handle( handle ) ) return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;

    data_type = handle->get_data_type();
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! get default value of the tag
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_default_value( const Tag tag_handle, void* def_value ) const
{
    if( !valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) ) return MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND;

    if( tag_handle->variable_length() ) return MB_VARIABLE_DATA_LENGTH;

    if( !tag_handle->get_default_value() ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    memcpy( def_value, tag_handle->get_default_value(), tag_handle->get_default_value_size() );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::tag_get_default_value( Tag tag, const void*& ptr, int& size ) const
{
    if( !valid_tag_handle( tag ) ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    if( !tag->get_default_value() ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    ptr  = tag->get_default_value();
    size = tag->get_default_value_size() / TagInfo::size_from_data_type( tag->get_data_type() );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! get type of tag (sparse, dense, etc.; 0 = dense, 1 = sparse, 2 = bit, 3 = static)
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_type( const Tag tag_handle, TagType& tag_type ) const
{
    assert( valid_tag_handle( tag_handle ) );
    tag_type = tag_handle->get_storage_type();
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! get handles for all tags defined
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_tags( std::vector< Tag >& tag_handles ) const
{
    std::copy( tagList.begin(), tagList.end(), std::back_inserter( tag_handles ) );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! Get handles for all tags defined on this entity
ErrorCode Core::tag_get_tags_on_entity( const EntityHandle entity, std::vector< Tag >& tag_handles ) const
{
    for( std::list< TagInfo* >::const_iterator i = tagList.begin(); i != tagList.end(); ++i )
        if( ( *i )->is_tagged( sequenceManager, entity ) ) tag_handles.push_back( *i );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

Tag Core::material_tag()
{
    const int negone = -1;
    if( 0 == materialTag )
        tag_get_handle( MATERIAL_SET_TAG_NAME, 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, materialTag, MB_TAG_CREAT | MB_TAG_SPARSE, &negone );
    return materialTag;
}

Tag Core::neumannBC_tag()
{
    const int negone = -1;
    if( 0 == neumannBCTag )
        tag_get_handle( NEUMANN_SET_TAG_NAME, 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, neumannBCTag, MB_TAG_CREAT | MB_TAG_SPARSE, &negone );
    return neumannBCTag;
}

Tag Core::dirichletBC_tag()
{
    const int negone = -1;
    if( 0 == dirichletBCTag )
        tag_get_handle( DIRICHLET_SET_TAG_NAME, 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, dirichletBCTag, MB_TAG_CREAT | MB_TAG_SPARSE,
                        &negone );
    return dirichletBCTag;
}

Tag Core::globalId_tag()
{
    const int negone = -1;
    if( 0 == globalIdTag )
        tag_get_handle( GLOBAL_ID_TAG_NAME, 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, globalIdTag, MB_TAG_CREAT | MB_TAG_DENSE, &negone );
    return globalIdTag;
}

Tag Core::geom_dimension_tag()
{
    const int negone = -1;
    if( 0 == geomDimensionTag )
        tag_get_handle( GEOM_DIMENSION_TAG_NAME, 1, MB_TYPE_INTEGER, geomDimensionTag, MB_TAG_CREAT | MB_TAG_SPARSE,
                        &negone );
    return geomDimensionTag;
}

//! creates an element based on the type and connectivity.  returns a handle and error code
ErrorCode Core::create_element( const EntityType entity_type,
                                const EntityHandle* connectivity,
                                const int num_nodes,
                                EntityHandle& handle )
{
    // make sure we have enough vertices for this entity type
    if( num_nodes < CN::VerticesPerEntity( entity_type ) ) return MB_FAILURE;

    ErrorCode status = sequence_manager()->create_element( entity_type, connectivity, num_nodes, handle );
    if( MB_SUCCESS == status ) status = aEntityFactory->notify_create_entity( handle, connectivity, num_nodes );

#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_AHF
    mesh_modified = true;
#endif

    return status;
}

//! creates a vertex based on coordinates, returns a handle and error code
ErrorCode Core::create_vertex( const double coords[3], EntityHandle& handle )
{
    // get an available vertex handle
    return sequence_manager()->create_vertex( coords, handle );
}

ErrorCode Core::create_vertices( const double* coordinates, const int nverts, Range& entity_handles )
{
    // Create vertices
    ReadUtilIface* read_iface;
    ErrorCode result = Interface::query_interface( read_iface );MB_CHK_ERR( result );

    std::vector< double* > arrays;
    EntityHandle start_handle_out = 0;
    result                        = read_iface->get_node_coords( 3, nverts, MB_START_ID, start_handle_out, arrays );
    Interface::release_interface( read_iface );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    // Cppcheck warning (false positive): variable arrays is assigned a value that is never used
    for( int i = 0; i < nverts; i++ )
    {
        arrays[0][i] = coordinates[3 * i];
        arrays[1][i] = coordinates[3 * i + 1];
        arrays[2][i] = coordinates[3 * i + 2];
    }

    entity_handles.clear();
    entity_handles.insert( start_handle_out, start_handle_out + nverts - 1 );

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! merges two  entities
ErrorCode Core::merge_entities( EntityHandle entity_to_keep,
                                EntityHandle entity_to_remove,
                                bool auto_merge,
                                bool delete_removed_entity )
{
    if( auto_merge ) return MB_FAILURE;

    // The two entities to merge must not be the same entity.
    if( entity_to_keep == entity_to_remove ) return MB_FAILURE;

    // The two entities to merge must be of the same type
    EntityType type_to_keep = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( entity_to_keep );

    if( type_to_keep != TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( entity_to_remove ) ) return MB_TYPE_OUT_OF_RANGE;

    // Make sure both entities exist before trying to merge.
    EntitySequence* seq = 0;
    ErrorCode result, status;
    status = sequence_manager()->find( entity_to_keep, seq );
    if( seq == 0 || status != MB_SUCCESS ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    status = sequence_manager()->find( entity_to_remove, seq );
    if( seq == 0 || status != MB_SUCCESS ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    // If auto_merge is not set, all sub-entities should
    // be merged if the entities are to be merged.
    int ent_dim = CN::Dimension( type_to_keep );
    if( ent_dim > 0 )
    {
        std::vector< EntityHandle > conn, conn2;

        result = get_connectivity( &entity_to_keep, 1, conn );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        result = get_connectivity( &entity_to_remove, 1, conn2 );MB_CHK_ERR( result );

        // Check to see if we can merge before pulling adjacencies.
        int dum1, dum2;
        if( !auto_merge &&
            ( conn.size() != conn2.size() || !CN::ConnectivityMatch( &conn[0], &conn2[0], conn.size(), dum1, dum2 ) ) )
            return MB_FAILURE;
    }

    result = aEntityFactory->merge_adjust_adjacencies( entity_to_keep, entity_to_remove );

    if( MB_SUCCESS == result && delete_removed_entity ) result = delete_entities( &entity_to_remove, 1 );

    return result;
}

//! deletes an entity range
ErrorCode Core::delete_entities( const Range& range )
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS, temp_result;
    Range failed_ents;

    for( std::list< TagInfo* >::iterator i = tagList.begin(); i != tagList.end(); ++i )
    {
        temp_result = ( *i )->remove_data( sequenceManager, mError, range );
        // ok if the error is tag_not_found, some ents may not have every tag on them
        if( MB_SUCCESS != temp_result && MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND != temp_result ) result = temp_result;
    }

    for( Range::const_reverse_iterator rit = range.rbegin(); rit != range.rend(); ++rit )
    {

        // tell AEntityFactory that this element is going away
        temp_result = aEntityFactory->notify_delete_entity( *rit );
        if( MB_SUCCESS != temp_result )
        {
            result = temp_result;
            failed_ents.insert( *rit );
            continue;
        }

        if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *rit ) == MBENTITYSET )
        {
            if( MeshSet* ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), *rit ) )
            {
                int j, count;
                const EntityHandle* rel;
                ptr->clear( *rit, a_entity_factory() );
                rel = ptr->get_parents( count );
                for( j = 0; j < count; ++j )
                    remove_child_meshset( rel[j], *rit );
                rel = ptr->get_children( count );
                for( j = 0; j < count; ++j )
                    remove_parent_meshset( rel[j], *rit );
            }
        }
    }

    if( !failed_ents.empty() )
    {
        Range dum_range = subtract( range, failed_ents );
        // don't test for success, since we'll return failure in this case
        sequence_manager()->delete_entities( mError, dum_range );
    }
    else
        // now delete the entities
        result = sequence_manager()->delete_entities( mError, range );

    return result;
}

//! deletes an entity vector
ErrorCode Core::delete_entities( const EntityHandle* entities, const int num_entities )
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS, temp_result;
    Range failed_ents;

    for( std::list< TagInfo* >::iterator i = tagList.begin(); i != tagList.end(); ++i )
    {
        temp_result = ( *i )->remove_data( sequenceManager, mError, entities, num_entities );
        // ok if the error is tag_not_found, some ents may not have every tag on them
        if( MB_SUCCESS != temp_result && MB_TAG_NOT_FOUND != temp_result ) result = temp_result;
    }

    for( int i = 0; i < num_entities; i++ )
    {

        // tell AEntityFactory that this element is going away
        bool failed = false;
        temp_result = aEntityFactory->notify_delete_entity( entities[i] );
        if( MB_SUCCESS != temp_result )
        {
            result = temp_result;
            failed = true;
        }

        if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( entities[i] ) == MBENTITYSET )
        {
            if( MeshSet* ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), entities[i] ) )
            {
                int j, count;
                const EntityHandle* rel;
                ptr->clear( entities[i], a_entity_factory() );
                rel = ptr->get_parents( count );
                for( j = 0; j < count; ++j )
                    remove_child_meshset( rel[j], entities[i] );
                rel = ptr->get_children( count );
                for( j = 0; j < count; ++j )
                    remove_parent_meshset( rel[j], entities[i] );
            }
        }

        if( failed )
            // don't test for success, since we'll return failure in this case
            sequence_manager()->delete_entity( mError, entities[i] );
        else
        {
            // now delete the entity
            temp_result = sequence_manager()->delete_entity( mError, entities[i] );
            if( MB_SUCCESS != temp_result ) result = temp_result;
        }
    }

    return result;
}

ErrorCode Core::list_entities( const EntityHandle* entities, const int num_entities ) const
{
    Range temp_range;
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;
    if( NULL == entities && num_entities == 0 )
    {
        // just list the numbers of each entity type
        int num_ents;
        std::cout << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Number of entities per type: " << std::endl;
        for( EntityType this_type = MBVERTEX; this_type < MBMAXTYPE; this_type++ )
        {
            result = get_number_entities_by_type( 0, this_type, num_ents );
            std::cout << CN::EntityTypeName( this_type ) << ": " << num_ents << std::endl;
        }
        std::cout << std::endl;

        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }
    else if( NULL == entities && num_entities < 0 )
    {

        // list all entities of all types
        std::cout << std::endl;
        for( EntityType this_type = MBVERTEX; this_type < MBMAXTYPE; this_type++ )
        {
            result = get_entities_by_type( 0, this_type, temp_range );
        }

        return list_entities( temp_range );
    }
    else if( NULL == entities && num_entities > 0 )
    {

        // list all entities of type == num_entities
        std::cout << std::endl;
        result = get_entities_by_type( 0, (EntityType)num_entities, temp_range );

        return list_entities( temp_range );
    }
    else
    {
        ErrorCode tmp_result;
        for( int i = 0; i < num_entities; i++ )
        {
            EntityType this_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( entities[i] );
            std::cout << CN::EntityTypeName( this_type ) << " " << ID_FROM_HANDLE( entities[i] ) << ":" << endl;

            tmp_result = ( const_cast< Core* >( this ) )->list_entity( entities[i] );
            if( MB_SUCCESS != tmp_result ) result = tmp_result;
        }
    }

    return result;
}

ErrorCode Core::list_entities( const Range& temp_range ) const
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS, tmp_result;

    for( Range::const_iterator rit = temp_range.begin(); rit != temp_range.end(); ++rit )
    {
        EntityType this_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *rit );
        std::cout << CN::EntityTypeName( this_type ) << " " << ID_FROM_HANDLE( *rit ) << ":" << endl;

        tmp_result = ( const_cast< Core* >( this ) )->list_entity( *rit );
        if( MB_SUCCESS != tmp_result ) result = tmp_result;
    }

    return result;
}

ErrorCode Core::list_entity( const EntityHandle entity ) const
{
    ErrorCode result;
    HandleVec adj_vec;

    if( !is_valid( entity ) )
    {
        std::cout << "(invalid)" << std::endl;
        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }

    if( 0 != globalIdTag )
    {
        int dum;
        result = tag_get_data( globalIdTag, &entity, 1, &dum );
        if( MB_SUCCESS == result ) std::cout << "Global id = " << dum << std::endl;
    }

    // list entity
    EntityType this_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( entity );
    if( this_type == MBVERTEX )
    {
        double coords[3];
        result = get_coords( &( entity ), 1, coords );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
        std::cout << "Coordinates: (" << coords[0] << ", " << coords[1] << ", " << coords[2] << ")" << std::endl;
    }
    else if( this_type == MBENTITYSET )
        this->print( entity, "" );

    std::cout << "  Adjacencies:" << std::endl;
    bool some    = false;
    int multiple = 0;
    for( int dim = 0; dim <= 3; dim++ )
    {
        if( dim == CN::Dimension( this_type ) ) continue;
        adj_vec.clear();
        // use const_cast here 'cuz we're in a const function and we're passing 'false' for
        // create_if_missing, so we know we won't change anything
        result = ( const_cast< Core* >( this ) )->get_adjacencies( &( entity ), 1, dim, false, adj_vec );
        if( MB_FAILURE == result ) continue;
        for( HandleVec::iterator adj_it = adj_vec.begin(); adj_it != adj_vec.end(); ++adj_it )
        {
            if( adj_it != adj_vec.begin() )
                std::cout << ", ";
            else
                std::cout << "   ";
            std::cout << CN::EntityTypeName( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *adj_it ) ) << " " << ID_FROM_HANDLE( *adj_it );
        }
        if( !adj_vec.empty() )
        {
            std::cout << std::endl;
            some = true;
        }
        if( MB_MULTIPLE_ENTITIES_FOUND == result ) multiple += dim;
    }
    if( !some ) std::cout << "(none)" << std::endl;
    const EntityHandle* explicit_adjs;
    int num_exp;
    aEntityFactory->get_adjacencies( entity, explicit_adjs, num_exp );
    if( NULL != explicit_adjs && 0 != num_exp )
    {
        std::cout << "  Explicit adjacencies: ";
        for( int i = 0; i < num_exp; i++ )
        {
            if( i != 0 ) std::cout << ", ";
            std::cout << CN::EntityTypeName( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( explicit_adjs[i] ) ) << " "
                      << ID_FROM_HANDLE( explicit_adjs[i] );
        }
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }
    if( multiple != 0 ) std::cout << "   (MULTIPLE = " << multiple << ")" << std::endl;

    result = print_entity_tags( std::string(), entity, MB_TAG_DENSE );

    std::cout << std::endl;

    return result;
}

ErrorCode Core::convert_entities( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                  const bool mid_side,
                                  const bool mid_face,
                                  const bool mid_volume,
                                  Interface::HONodeAddedRemoved* function_object )
{
    HigherOrderFactory fact( this, function_object );
    return fact.convert( meshset, mid_side, mid_face, mid_volume );
}

//! function to get the side number given two elements; returns
//! MB_FAILURE if child not related to parent; does *not* create adjacencies
//! between parent and child
ErrorCode Core::side_number( const EntityHandle parent,
                             const EntityHandle child,
                             int& sd_number,
                             int& sense,
                             int& offset ) const
{
    // get the connectivity of parent and child
    const EntityHandle *parent_conn = NULL, *child_conn = NULL;
    int num_parent_vertices = 0, num_child_vertices = 0;
    ErrorCode result = get_connectivity( parent, parent_conn, num_parent_vertices, true );
    if( MB_NOT_IMPLEMENTED == result )
    {
        static std::vector< EntityHandle > tmp_connect( CN::MAX_NODES_PER_ELEMENT );
        result = get_connectivity( parent, parent_conn, num_parent_vertices, true, &tmp_connect );
    }
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) return result;

    if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( child ) == MBVERTEX )
    {
        int child_index = std::find( parent_conn, parent_conn + num_parent_vertices, child ) - parent_conn;
        if( child_index == num_parent_vertices )
        {
            sd_number = -1;
            sense     = 0;
            return MB_FAILURE;
        }
        else
        {
            sd_number = child_index;
            sense     = 1;
            return MB_SUCCESS;
        }
    }

    if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( parent ) == MBPOLYHEDRON )
    {
        // find the child in the parent_conn connectivity list, and call it a day ..
        // it should work only for faces within a conn list
        for( int i = 0; i < num_parent_vertices; i++ )
            if( child == parent_conn[i] )
            {
                sd_number = i;
                sense     = 1;  // always
                offset    = 0;
                return MB_SUCCESS;
            }
        return MB_FAILURE;
    }
    result = get_connectivity( child, child_conn, num_child_vertices, true );MB_CHK_ERR( result );

    // call handle vector-based function
    if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( parent ) != MBPOLYGON && TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( parent ) != MBPOLYHEDRON )
    {

        // find indices into parent_conn for each entry in child_conn
        int child_conn_indices[10];
        assert( (unsigned)num_child_vertices <= sizeof( child_conn_indices ) / sizeof( child_conn_indices[0] ) );
        for( int i = 0; i < num_child_vertices; ++i )
        {
            child_conn_indices[i] =
                std::find( parent_conn, parent_conn + num_parent_vertices, child_conn[i] ) - parent_conn;
            if( child_conn_indices[i] >= num_parent_vertices )
            {
                sd_number = -1;
                return MB_FAILURE;
            }
        }

        int temp_result = CN::SideNumber( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( parent ), child_conn_indices, num_child_vertices,
                                          CN::Dimension( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( child ) ), sd_number, sense, offset );
        return ( 0 == temp_result ? MB_SUCCESS : MB_FAILURE );
    }
    else if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( parent ) == MBPOLYGON )
    {
        // find location of 1st vertex; this works even for padded vertices
        const EntityHandle* first_v = std::find( parent_conn, parent_conn + num_parent_vertices, child_conn[0] );
        if( first_v == parent_conn + num_parent_vertices ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
        sd_number = first_v - parent_conn;
        offset    = sd_number;
        if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( child ) == MBVERTEX )
        {
            sense = 0;
            return MB_SUCCESS;
        }
        else if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( child ) == MBPOLYGON )
        {
            bool match = CN::ConnectivityMatch( parent_conn, child_conn, num_parent_vertices, sense, offset );
            sd_number  = 0;
            if( match )
                return MB_SUCCESS;
            else
                return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        else if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( child ) == MBEDGE )
        {
            // determine the actual number of vertices, for the padded case
            // the padded case could be like ABCDEFFF; num_parent_vertices=8,
            // actual_num_parent_vertices=6
            int actual_num_parent_vertices = num_parent_vertices;
            while( actual_num_parent_vertices >= 3 &&
                   ( parent_conn[actual_num_parent_vertices - 2] == parent_conn[actual_num_parent_vertices - 1] ) )
                actual_num_parent_vertices--;

            if( parent_conn[( sd_number + 1 ) % num_parent_vertices] == child_conn[1] )
                sense = 1;
            else if( parent_conn[( sd_number + num_parent_vertices - 1 ) % num_parent_vertices] ==
                     child_conn[1] )  // this will also cover edge AF for padded case, side will
                                      // be 0, sense -1
                sense = -1;
            // if edge FA in above example, we should return sd_number = 5, sense 1
            else if( ( sd_number == actual_num_parent_vertices - 1 ) && ( child_conn[1] == parent_conn[0] ) )
                sense = 1;
            else
                return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
            return MB_SUCCESS;
        }
    }

    return MB_FAILURE;
}

//! given an entity and the connectivity and type of one of its subfacets, find the
//! high order node on that subfacet, if any
ErrorCode Core::high_order_node( const EntityHandle parent_handle,
                                 const EntityHandle* subfacet_conn,
                                 const EntityType subfacet_type,
                                 EntityHandle& hon ) const
{
    hon = 0;

    EntityType parent_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( parent_handle );

    // get the parent's connectivity
    const EntityHandle* parent_conn = NULL;
    int num_parent_vertices         = 0;
    ErrorCode result                = get_connectivity( parent_handle, parent_conn, num_parent_vertices, false );MB_CHK_ERR( result );

    // find whether this entity has ho nodes
    int mid_nodes[4];
    CN::HasMidNodes( parent_type, num_parent_vertices, mid_nodes );

    // check whether this entity has mid nodes on this dimension subfacet;
    // use dimension-1 because vertices don't have mid nodes
    if( !mid_nodes[CN::Dimension( subfacet_type )] ) return MB_SUCCESS;

    // ok, we have mid nodes; now must compute expected index in connectivity array;
    // ho nodes stored for edges, faces then entity

    // offset starts with # corner vertices
    int offset = CN::VerticesPerEntity( parent_type );
    int i;

    for( i = 0; i < CN::Dimension( subfacet_type ) - 1; i++ )
        // for each dimension lower than that of the subfacet we're looking for,
        // if this entity has midnodes in that dimension, increment offset by #
        // of subfacets of that dimension; use dimension-1 in loop because
        // canon numbering table only has 2 positions, for edges and faces;
        if( mid_nodes[i + 1] ) offset += CN::mConnectivityMap[parent_type][i].num_sub_elements;

    // now add the index of this subfacet; only need to if it's not the highest dimension
    if( subfacet_type != parent_type )
    {

        // find indices into parent_conn for each entry in child_conn
        unsigned subfacet_size = CN::VerticesPerEntity( subfacet_type );
        int subfacet_indices[10];
        assert( subfacet_size <= sizeof( subfacet_indices ) / sizeof( subfacet_indices[0] ) );
        for( unsigned j = 0; j < subfacet_size; ++j )
        {
            subfacet_indices[j] =
                std::find( parent_conn, parent_conn + num_parent_vertices, subfacet_conn[j] ) - parent_conn;
            if( subfacet_indices[j] >= num_parent_vertices )
            {
                return MB_FAILURE;
            }
        }

        int dum, side_no, temp_offset;
        int temp_result =
            CN::SideNumber( parent_type, subfacet_indices, subfacet_size, subfacet_type, side_no, dum, temp_offset );
        if( temp_result != 0 ) return MB_FAILURE;

        offset += side_no;
    }

    // offset shouldn't be off the end of the connectivity vector
    if( offset >= num_parent_vertices ) return MB_INDEX_OUT_OF_RANGE;

    hon = parent_conn[offset];

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

//! given an entity and a target dimension & side number, get that entity
ErrorCode Core::side_element( const EntityHandle source_entity,
                              const int dim,
                              const int sd_number,
                              EntityHandle& target_entity ) const
{
    // get a handle on the connectivity
    const EntityHandle* verts;
    int num_verts;
    ErrorCode result = get_connectivity( source_entity, verts, num_verts );MB_CHK_ERR( result );

    // special case for vertices
    if( dim == 0 )
    {
        if( sd_number < num_verts )
        {
            target_entity = verts[sd_number];
            return MB_SUCCESS;
        }

        else
            return MB_INDEX_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    }

    // get the vertices comprising the target entity
    Range side_verts, target_ents;
    const EntityType source_type = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( source_entity );
    // first get the indices
    std::vector< int > vertex_indices;

    int temp_result = CN::AdjacentSubEntities( source_type, &sd_number, 1, dim, 0, vertex_indices );
    if( 0 != temp_result ) return MB_FAILURE;
    // now get the actual vertices
    for( unsigned int i = 0; i < vertex_indices.size(); i++ )
        side_verts.insert( verts[vertex_indices[i]] );

    // now look for an entity of the correct type
    // use const_cast here 'cuz we're in a const function and we're passing 'false' for
    // create_if_missing, so we know we won't change anything
    result = ( const_cast< Core* >( this ) )->get_adjacencies( side_verts, dim, false, target_ents );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result && MB_MULTIPLE_ENTITIES_FOUND != result ) return result;

    if( !target_ents.empty() && TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *( target_ents.begin() ) ) != MBVERTEX &&
        TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *( target_ents.begin() ) ) !=
            CN::mConnectivityMap[source_type][dim - 1].target_type[sd_number] )
        return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    if( !target_ents.empty() ) target_entity = *( target_ents.begin() );

    return result;
}

//-------------------------Set Functions---------------------//

ErrorCode Core::create_meshset( const unsigned int setoptions, EntityHandle& ms_handle, int )
{
    return sequence_manager()->create_mesh_set( setoptions, ms_handle );
}

ErrorCode Core::get_meshset_options( const EntityHandle ms_handle, unsigned int& setoptions ) const
{
    if( !ms_handle )
    {  // root set
        setoptions = MESHSET_SET | MESHSET_TRACK_OWNER;
        return MB_SUCCESS;
    }

    const MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), ms_handle );
    if( !set ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    setoptions = set->flags();
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::set_meshset_options( const EntityHandle ms_handle, const unsigned int setoptions )
{
    MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), ms_handle );
    if( !set ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    return set->set_flags( setoptions, ms_handle, a_entity_factory() );
}

ErrorCode Core::clear_meshset( const EntityHandle* ms_handles, const int num_meshsets )
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;
    for( int i = 0; i < num_meshsets; ++i )
    {
        MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), ms_handles[i] );
        if( set )
            set->clear( ms_handles[i], a_entity_factory() );
        else
            result = MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    }

    return result;
}

ErrorCode Core::clear_meshset( const Range& ms_handles )
{
    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS;
    for( Range::iterator i = ms_handles.begin(); i != ms_handles.end(); ++i )
    {
        MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), *i );
        if( set )
            set->clear( *i, a_entity_factory() );
        else
            result = MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    }

    return result;
}

ErrorCode Core::subtract_meshset( EntityHandle meshset1, const EntityHandle meshset2 )
{
    MeshSet* set1 = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset1 );
    MeshSet* set2 = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset2 );
    if( !set1 || !set2 ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    return set1->subtract( set2, meshset1, a_entity_factory() );
}

ErrorCode Core::intersect_meshset( EntityHandle meshset1, const EntityHandle meshset2 )
{
    MeshSet* set1 = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset1 );
    MeshSet* set2 = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset2 );
    if( !set1 || !set2 ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    return set1->intersect( set2, meshset1, a_entity_factory() );
}

ErrorCode Core::unite_meshset( EntityHandle meshset1, const EntityHandle meshset2 )
{
    MeshSet* set1 = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset1 );
    MeshSet* set2 = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset2 );
    if( !set1 || !set2 ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    return set1->unite( set2, meshset1, a_entity_factory() );
}

ErrorCode Core::add_entities( EntityHandle meshset, const Range& entities )
{
    MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    if( set )
        return set->add_entities( entities, meshset, a_entity_factory() );
    else
        return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
}

ErrorCode Core::add_entities( EntityHandle meshset, const EntityHandle* entities, const int num_entities )
{
    MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    if( set )
        return set->add_entities( entities, num_entities, meshset, a_entity_factory() );
    else
        return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
}

//! remove a range of entities from a meshset
ErrorCode Core::remove_entities( EntityHandle meshset, const Range& entities )
{
    MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    if( set )
        return set->remove_entities( entities, meshset, a_entity_factory() );
    else
        return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
}

//! remove a vector of entities from a meshset
ErrorCode Core::remove_entities( EntityHandle meshset, const EntityHandle* entities, const int num_entities )
{
    MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    if( set )
        return set->remove_entities( entities, num_entities, meshset, a_entity_factory() );
    else
        return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
}

//! return true if all entities are contained in set
bool Core::contains_entities( EntityHandle meshset,
                              const EntityHandle* entities,
                              int num_entities,
                              const int operation_type )
{
    if( !meshset )  // root
        return true;
    else if( MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset ) )
        return set->contains_entities( entities, num_entities, operation_type );
    else
        return false;
}

// replace entities in a meshset
ErrorCode Core::replace_entities( EntityHandle meshset,
                                  const EntityHandle* old_entities,
                                  const EntityHandle* new_entities,
                                  int num_entities )
{
    MeshSet* set = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    if( set )
        return set->replace_entities( meshset, old_entities, new_entities, num_entities, a_entity_factory() );
    else
        return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_parent_meshsets( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                     std::vector< EntityHandle >& parents,
                                     const int num_hops ) const
{
    if( 0 == meshset ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    const EntitySequence* seq;
    ErrorCode rval = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != rval ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );

    return mseq->get_parents( sequence_manager(), meshset, parents, num_hops );
}

ErrorCode Core::get_parent_meshsets( const EntityHandle meshset, Range& parents, const int num_hops ) const
{
    if( 0 == meshset ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    std::vector< EntityHandle > parent_vec;
    ErrorCode result = get_parent_meshsets( meshset, parent_vec, num_hops );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    std::sort( parent_vec.begin(), parent_vec.end() );
    std::copy( parent_vec.rbegin(), parent_vec.rend(), range_inserter( parents ) );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_child_meshsets( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                    std::vector< EntityHandle >& children,
                                    const int num_hops ) const
{
    if( 0 == meshset ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    const EntitySequence* seq;
    ErrorCode rval = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != rval ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );

    return mseq->get_children( sequence_manager(), meshset, children, num_hops );
}

ErrorCode Core::get_child_meshsets( const EntityHandle meshset, Range& children, const int num_hops ) const
{
    if( 0 == meshset ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    std::vector< EntityHandle > child_vec;
    ErrorCode result = get_child_meshsets( meshset, child_vec, num_hops );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    std::sort( child_vec.begin(), child_vec.end() );
    std::copy( child_vec.rbegin(), child_vec.rend(), range_inserter( children ) );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_contained_meshsets( const EntityHandle meshset,
                                        std::vector< EntityHandle >& children,
                                        const int num_hops ) const
{
    if( 0 == meshset )
    {
        return get_entities_by_type( meshset, MBENTITYSET, children );
    }

    const EntitySequence* seq;
    ErrorCode rval = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != rval ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );

    return mseq->get_contained_sets( sequence_manager(), meshset, children, num_hops );
}

ErrorCode Core::get_contained_meshsets( const EntityHandle meshset, Range& children, const int num_hops ) const
{
    if( 0 == meshset )
    {
        return get_entities_by_type( meshset, MBENTITYSET, children );
    }

    std::vector< EntityHandle > child_vec;
    ErrorCode result = get_contained_meshsets( meshset, child_vec, num_hops );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    std::sort( child_vec.begin(), child_vec.end() );
    std::copy( child_vec.rbegin(), child_vec.rend(), range_inserter( children ) );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::num_parent_meshsets( const EntityHandle meshset, int* number, const int num_hops ) const
{
    if( 0 == meshset ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    const EntitySequence* seq;
    ErrorCode rval = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != rval ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );

    return mseq->num_parents( sequence_manager(), meshset, *number, num_hops );
}

ErrorCode Core::num_child_meshsets( const EntityHandle meshset, int* number, const int num_hops ) const
{
    if( 0 == meshset ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    const EntitySequence* seq;
    ErrorCode rval = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != rval ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );

    return mseq->num_children( sequence_manager(), meshset, *number, num_hops );
}

ErrorCode Core::num_contained_meshsets( const EntityHandle meshset, int* number, const int num_hops ) const
{
    if( 0 == meshset )
    {
        return get_number_entities_by_type( 0, MBENTITYSET, *number );
    }

    const EntitySequence* seq;
    ErrorCode rval = sequence_manager()->find( meshset, seq );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != rval ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    const MeshSetSequence* mseq = reinterpret_cast< const MeshSetSequence* >( seq );

    return mseq->num_contained_sets( sequence_manager(), meshset, *number, num_hops );
}

ErrorCode Core::add_parent_meshset( EntityHandle meshset, const EntityHandle parent_meshset )
{
    MeshSet* set_ptr    = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    MeshSet* parent_ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), parent_meshset );
    if( !set_ptr || !parent_ptr ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    set_ptr->add_parent( parent_meshset );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::add_parent_meshsets( EntityHandle meshset, const EntityHandle* parents, int count )
{
    MeshSet* set_ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    if( !set_ptr ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    for( int i = 0; i < count; ++i )
        if( !get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), parents[i] ) ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    for( int i = 0; i < count; ++i )
        set_ptr->add_parent( parents[i] );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::add_child_meshset( EntityHandle meshset, const EntityHandle child_meshset )
{
    MeshSet* set_ptr   = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    MeshSet* child_ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), child_meshset );
    if( !set_ptr || !child_ptr ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    set_ptr->add_child( child_meshset );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::add_child_meshsets( EntityHandle meshset, const EntityHandle* children, int count )
{
    MeshSet* set_ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    if( !set_ptr ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    for( int i = 0; i < count; ++i )
        if( !get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), children[i] ) ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    for( int i = 0; i < count; ++i )
        set_ptr->add_child( children[i] );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::add_parent_child( EntityHandle parent, EntityHandle child )
{
    MeshSet* parent_ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), parent );
    MeshSet* child_ptr  = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), child );
    if( !parent_ptr || !child_ptr ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    parent_ptr->add_child( child );
    child_ptr->add_parent( parent );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::remove_parent_child( EntityHandle parent, EntityHandle child )
{
    MeshSet* parent_ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), parent );
    MeshSet* child_ptr  = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), child );
    if( !parent_ptr || !child_ptr ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;

    parent_ptr->remove_child( child );
    child_ptr->remove_parent( parent );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::remove_parent_meshset( EntityHandle meshset, const EntityHandle parent_meshset )
{
    MeshSet* set_ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    if( !set_ptr ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    set_ptr->remove_parent( parent_meshset );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::remove_child_meshset( EntityHandle meshset, const EntityHandle child_meshset )
{
    MeshSet* set_ptr = get_mesh_set( sequence_manager(), meshset );
    if( !set_ptr ) return MB_ENTITY_NOT_FOUND;
    set_ptr->remove_child( child_meshset );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::get_last_error( std::string& info ) const
{
    MBErrorHandler_GetLastError( info );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

std::string Core::get_error_string( const ErrorCode code ) const
{
    return (unsigned)code <= (unsigned)MB_FAILURE ? ErrorCodeStr[code] : "INVALID ERROR CODE";
}

void Core::print( const EntityHandle ms_handle, const char* prefix, bool first_call ) const
{
    // get the entities
    Range entities;

    if( 0 != ms_handle )
    {
        get_entities_by_handle( ms_handle, entities );
        std::cout << prefix << "MBENTITYSET " << ID_FROM_HANDLE( ms_handle ) << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        get_entities_by_dimension( 0, 3, entities );
        if( entities.empty() ) get_entities_by_dimension( 0, 2, entities );
        if( entities.empty() ) get_entities_by_dimension( 0, 1, entities );
        get_entities_by_dimension( 0, 0, entities );
        get_entities_by_type( 0, MBENTITYSET, entities );
        std::cout << prefix << "--: " << std::endl;
    }

    std::string indent_prefix = prefix;
    indent_prefix += "  ";
    entities.print( indent_prefix.c_str() );

    if( !first_call || !ms_handle ) return;

    // print parent/children
    Range temp;
    this->get_parent_meshsets( ms_handle, temp );
    std::cout << "  Parent sets: ";
    if( temp.empty() )
        std::cout << "(none)" << std::endl;
    else
    {
        for( Range::iterator rit = temp.begin(); rit != temp.end(); ++rit )
        {
            if( rit != temp.begin() ) std::cout << ", ";
            std::cout << ID_FROM_HANDLE( *rit );
        }
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

    temp.clear();
    this->get_child_meshsets( ms_handle, temp );
    std::cout << "  Child sets: ";
    if( temp.empty() )
        std::cout << "(none)" << std::endl;
    else
    {
        for( Range::iterator rit = temp.begin(); rit != temp.end(); ++rit )
        {
            if( rit != temp.begin() ) std::cout << ", ";
            std::cout << ID_FROM_HANDLE( *rit );
        }
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

    // print all sparse tags
    print_entity_tags( indent_prefix, ms_handle, MB_TAG_SPARSE );
}

ErrorCode Core::print_entity_tags( std::string indent_prefix, const EntityHandle handle, TagType tp ) const
{
    std::vector< Tag > set_tags;
    ErrorCode result = this->tag_get_tags_on_entity( handle, set_tags );
    std::cout << indent_prefix << ( tp == MB_TAG_SPARSE ? "Sparse tags:" : "Dense tags:" ) << std::endl;
    indent_prefix += "  ";

    for( std::vector< Tag >::iterator vit = set_tags.begin(); vit != set_tags.end(); ++vit )
    {
        TagType this_type;
        result = this->tag_get_type( *vit, this_type );
        if( MB_SUCCESS != result || tp != this_type ) continue;
        DataType this_data_type;
        result = this->tag_get_data_type( *vit, this_data_type );
        if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) continue;
        int this_size;
        result = this->tag_get_length( *vit, this_size );
        if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) continue;
        // use double since this is largest single-valued tag
        std::vector< double > dbl_vals( this_size );
        std::vector< int > int_vals( this_size );
        std::vector< EntityHandle > hdl_vals( this_size );
        std::string tag_name;
        result = this->tag_get_name( *vit, tag_name );
        if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) continue;
        switch( this_data_type )
        {
            case MB_TYPE_INTEGER:
                result = this->tag_get_data( *vit, &handle, 1, &int_vals[0] );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) continue;
                std::cout << indent_prefix << tag_name << " = ";
                if( this_size < 10 )
                    for( int i = 0; i < this_size; i++ )
                        std::cout << int_vals[i] << " ";
                else
                    std::cout << int_vals[0] << "... (mult values)";
                std::cout << std::endl;
                break;
            case MB_TYPE_DOUBLE:
                result = this->tag_get_data( *vit, &handle, 1, &dbl_vals[0] );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) continue;
                std::cout << indent_prefix << tag_name << " = ";
                if( this_size < 10 )
                    for( int i = 0; i < this_size; i++ )
                        std::cout << dbl_vals[i] << " ";
                else
                    std::cout << dbl_vals[0] << "... (mult values)";
                std::cout << std::endl;
                break;
            case MB_TYPE_HANDLE:
                result = this->tag_get_data( *vit, &handle, 1, &hdl_vals[0] );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) continue;
                std::cout << indent_prefix << tag_name << " = ";
                if( this_size < 10 )
                    for( int i = 0; i < this_size; i++ )
                        std::cout << hdl_vals[i] << " ";
                else
                    std::cout << hdl_vals[0] << "... (mult values)";
                std::cout << std::endl;
                break;
            case MB_TYPE_OPAQUE:
                if( NAME_TAG_SIZE == this_size )
                {
                    char dum_tag[NAME_TAG_SIZE];
                    result = this->tag_get_data( *vit, &handle, 1, &dum_tag );
                    if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) continue;
                    // insert NULL just in case there isn't one
                    dum_tag[NAME_TAG_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
                    std::cout << indent_prefix << tag_name << " = " << dum_tag << std::endl;
                }
                break;
            case MB_TYPE_BIT:
                break;
        }
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::check_adjacencies()
{
    // run through all entities, checking adjacencies and reverse-evaluating them
    Range all_ents;
    ErrorCode result = get_entities_by_handle( 0, all_ents );MB_CHK_ERR( result );

    for( Range::iterator rit = all_ents.begin(); rit != all_ents.end(); ++rit )
    {
        result = check_adjacencies( &( *rit ), 1 );MB_CHK_ERR( result );
    }

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::check_adjacencies( const EntityHandle* ents, int num_ents )
{

    ErrorCode result = MB_SUCCESS, tmp_result;
    std::ostringstream oss;

    for( int i = 0; i < num_ents; i++ )
    {
        EntityHandle this_ent = ents[i];
        std::ostringstream ent_str;
        ent_str << CN::EntityTypeName( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( this_ent ) ) << " " << ID_FROM_HANDLE( this_ent ) << ": ";
        int this_dim = dimension_from_handle( this_ent );

        if( !is_valid( this_ent ) )
        {
            std::cerr << ent_str.str() << "Not a valid entity." << std::endl;
            result = MB_FAILURE;
        }

        else
        {
            if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( this_ent ) == MBENTITYSET ) continue;

            // get adjacencies for this entity
            Range adjs;
            for( int dim = 0; dim <= 3; dim++ )
            {
                if( dim == this_dim ) continue;
                tmp_result = get_adjacencies( &this_ent, 1, dim, false, adjs, Interface::UNION );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != tmp_result )
                {
                    oss << ent_str.str() << "Failed to get adjacencies for dimension " << dim << "." << std::endl;
                    result = tmp_result;
                }
            }
            if( !oss.str().empty() )
            {
                std::cerr << oss.str();
                oss.str( "" );
            }

            // now check and reverse-evaluate them
            for( Range::iterator rit = adjs.begin(); rit != adjs.end(); ++rit )
            {
                EntitySequence* seq = 0;
                tmp_result          = sequence_manager()->find( *rit, seq );
                if( seq == 0 || tmp_result != MB_SUCCESS )
                {
                    oss << ent_str.str() << "Adjacent entity " << CN::EntityTypeName( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *rit ) ) << " "
                        << ID_FROM_HANDLE( *rit ) << " is invalid." << std::endl;
                    result = tmp_result;
                }
                else
                {
                    Range rev_adjs;
                    tmp_result = get_adjacencies( &( *rit ), 1, this_dim, false, rev_adjs );
                    if( MB_SUCCESS != tmp_result )
                    {
                        oss << ent_str.str() << "Failed to get reverse adjacency from "
                            << CN::EntityTypeName( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *rit ) ) << " " << ID_FROM_HANDLE( *rit );
                        if( MB_MULTIPLE_ENTITIES_FOUND == tmp_result )
                            oss << " (MULTIPLE)" << std::endl;
                        else
                            oss << " (" << tmp_result << ")" << std::endl;
                        result = tmp_result;
                    }
                    else if( rev_adjs.find( this_ent ) == rev_adjs.end() )
                    {
                        oss << ent_str.str() << "Failed to find adjacency to this entity from "
                            << CN::EntityTypeName( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( *rit ) ) << " " << ID_FROM_HANDLE( *rit ) << "."
                            << std::endl;
                        result = tmp_result;
                    }
                }
                if( !oss.str().empty() )
                {
                    std::cerr << oss.str();
                    oss.str( "" );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return result;
}

bool Core::is_valid( const EntityHandle this_ent ) const
{
    const EntitySequence* seq = 0;
    ErrorCode result          = sequence_manager()->find( this_ent, seq );
    return seq != 0 && result == MB_SUCCESS;
}

ErrorCode Core::create_set_iterator( EntityHandle meshset,
                                     EntityType ent_type,
                                     int ent_dim,
                                     int chunk_size,
                                     bool check_valid,
                                     SetIterator*& set_iter )
{
    // check the type of set
    unsigned int setoptions;
    ErrorCode rval = MB_SUCCESS;
    if( meshset )
    {
        rval = get_meshset_options( meshset, setoptions );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );
    }

    if( !meshset || ( setoptions & MESHSET_SET ) )
        set_iter = new( std::nothrow ) RangeSetIterator( this, meshset, chunk_size, ent_type, ent_dim, check_valid );
    else
        set_iter = new( std::nothrow ) VectorSetIterator( this, meshset, chunk_size, ent_type, ent_dim, check_valid );

    setIterators.push_back( set_iter );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

/** \brief Remove the set iterator from the instance's list
 * This function is called from the SetIterator destructor, and should not be called directly
 * from anywhere else.
 * \param set_iter Set iterator being removed
 */
ErrorCode Core::remove_set_iterator( SetIterator* set_iter )
{
    std::vector< SetIterator* >::iterator vit = std::find( setIterators.begin(), setIterators.end(), set_iter );
    if( vit == setIterators.end() )
    {
        MB_SET_ERR( MB_FAILURE, "Didn't find that iterator" );
    }

    setIterators.erase( vit );

    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

/** \brief Get all set iterators associated with the set passed in
 * \param meshset Meshset for which iterators are requested
 * \param set_iters Set iterators for the set
 */
ErrorCode Core::get_set_iterators( EntityHandle meshset, std::vector< SetIterator* >& set_iters )
{
    for( std::vector< SetIterator* >::const_iterator vit = setIterators.begin(); vit != setIterators.end(); ++vit )
        if( ( *vit )->ent_set() == meshset ) set_iters.push_back( *vit );
    return MB_SUCCESS;
}

void Core::estimated_memory_use_internal( const Range* ents,
                                          type_memstorage* total_storage,
                                          type_memstorage* total_amortized_storage,
                                          type_memstorage* entity_storage,
                                          type_memstorage* amortized_entity_storage,
                                          type_memstorage* adjacency_storage,
                                          type_memstorage* amortized_adjacency_storage,
                                          const Tag* tag_array,
                                          unsigned num_tags,
                                          type_memstorage* tag_storage,
                                          type_memstorage* amortized_tag_storage )
{
    // Figure out which values we need to calculate
    type_memstorage i_entity_storage, ia_entity_storage, i_adjacency_storage, ia_adjacency_storage, i_tag_storage,
        ia_tag_storage;
    type_memstorage *total_tag_storage = 0, *amortized_total_tag_storage = 0;
    if( !tag_array )
    {
        total_tag_storage           = tag_storage;
        amortized_total_tag_storage = amortized_tag_storage;
    }
    if( total_storage || total_amortized_storage )
    {
        if( !entity_storage ) entity_storage = &i_entity_storage;
        if( !amortized_entity_storage ) amortized_entity_storage = &ia_entity_storage;
        if( !adjacency_storage ) adjacency_storage = &i_adjacency_storage;
        if( !amortized_adjacency_storage ) amortized_adjacency_storage = &ia_adjacency_storage;
    }
    else
    {
        if( entity_storage || amortized_entity_storage )
        {
            if( !amortized_entity_storage )
                amortized_entity_storage = &ia_entity_storage;
            else if( !entity_storage )
                entity_storage = &i_entity_storage;
        }
        if( adjacency_storage || amortized_adjacency_storage )
        {
            if( !amortized_adjacency_storage )
                amortized_adjacency_storage = &ia_adjacency_storage;
            else if( !adjacency_storage )
                adjacency_storage = &i_adjacency_storage;
        }
    }
    if( !total_tag_storage && total_storage ) total_tag_storage = &i_tag_storage;
    if( !amortized_total_tag_storage && total_amortized_storage ) amortized_total_tag_storage = &ia_tag_storage;

    // get entity storage
    if( amortized_entity_storage )
    {
        if( ents )
            sequenceManager->get_memory_use( *ents, *entity_storage, *amortized_entity_storage );
        else
            sequenceManager->get_memory_use( *entity_storage, *amortized_entity_storage );
    }

    // get adjacency storage
    if( amortized_adjacency_storage )
    {
        if( ents )
            aEntityFactory->get_memory_use( *ents, *adjacency_storage, *amortized_adjacency_storage );
        else
#ifdef MOAB_HAVE_AHF
            ahfRep->get_memory_use( *adjacency_storage, *amortized_adjacency_storage );
#else
            aEntityFactory->get_memory_use( *adjacency_storage, *amortized_adjacency_storage );
#endif
    }

    // get storage for requested list of tags
    if( tag_array )
    {
        for( unsigned i = 0; i < num_tags; ++i )
        {
            if( !valid_tag_handle( tag_array[i] ) ) continue;

            unsigned long total = 0, per_ent = 0;
            tag_array[i]->get_memory_use( sequenceManager, total, per_ent );

            if( ents )
            {
                size_t count = 0, count2 = 0;
                tag_array[i]->num_tagged_entities( sequenceManager, count, MBMAXTYPE, ents );
                if( tag_storage ) tag_storage[i] = count * per_ent;
                if( amortized_tag_storage )
                {
                    tag_array[i]->num_tagged_entities( sequenceManager, count2 );
                    if( count2 )
                        amortized_tag_storage[i] = static_cast< type_memstorage >( total * count * 1.0 / count2 );
                }
            }
            else
            {
                size_t count = 0;
                if( tag_storage )
                {
                    tag_array[i]->num_tagged_entities( sequenceManager, count );
                    tag_storage[i] = count * per_ent;
                }
                if( amortized_tag_storage ) amortized_tag_storage[i] = total;
            }
        }
    }

    // get storage for all tags
    if( total_tag_storage || amortized_total_tag_storage )
    {
        if( amortized_total_tag_storage ) *amortized_total_tag_storage = 0;
        if( total_tag_storage ) *total_tag_storage = 0;

        std::vector< Tag > tags;
        tag_get_tags( tags );
        for( std::list< TagInfo* >::const_iterator i = tagList.begin(); i != tagList.end(); ++i )
        {
            unsigned long total = 0, per_ent = 0;
            ( *i )->get_memory_use( sequenceManager, total, per_ent );

            if( ents )
            {
                size_t count = 0, count2 = 0;
                ( *i )->num_tagged_entities( sequenceManager, count, MBMAXTYPE, ents );
                if( total_tag_storage ) *total_tag_storage += count * per_ent;
                if( amortized_total_tag_storage )
                {
                    ( *i )->num_tagged_entities( sequenceManager, count2 );
                    if( count2 )
                        *amortized_total_tag_storage += static_cast< type_memstorage >( total * count * 1.0 / count2 );
                }
            }
            else
            {
                size_t count = 0;
                if( total_tag_storage )
                {
                    ( *i )->num_tagged_entities( sequenceManager, count );
                    *total_tag_storage += count * per_ent;
                }
                if( amortized_total_tag_storage ) *amortized_total_tag_storage += total;
            }
        }
    }

    // calculate totals
    if( total_storage ) *total_storage = *entity_storage + *adjacency_storage + *total_tag_storage;

    if( total_amortized_storage )
        *total_amortized_storage =
            *amortized_entity_storage + *amortized_adjacency_storage + *amortized_total_tag_storage;
}

void Core::estimated_memory_use( const EntityHandle* ent_array,
                                 unsigned long num_ents,
                                 type_memstorage* total_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* total_amortized_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* entity_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* amortized_entity_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* adjacency_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* amortized_adjacency_storage,
                                 const Tag* tag_array,
                                 unsigned num_tags,
                                 type_memstorage* tag_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* amortized_tag_storage )
{
    Range range;

    // If non-empty entity list, call range version of function
    if( ent_array )
    {
        if( num_ents > 20 )
        {
            std::vector< EntityHandle > list( num_ents );
            std::copy( ent_array, ent_array + num_ents, list.begin() );
            std::sort( list.begin(), list.end() );
            Range::iterator j = range.begin();
            for( std::vector< EntityHandle >::reverse_iterator i = list.rbegin(); i != list.rend(); ++i )
                j = range.insert( j, *i, *i );
        }
        else
        {
            std::copy( ent_array, ent_array + num_ents, range_inserter( range ) );
        }
    }

    estimated_memory_use_internal( ent_array ? &range : 0, total_storage, total_amortized_storage, entity_storage,
                                   amortized_entity_storage, adjacency_storage, amortized_adjacency_storage, tag_array,
                                   num_tags, tag_storage, amortized_tag_storage );
}

void Core::estimated_memory_use( const Range& ents,
                                 type_memstorage* total_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* total_amortized_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* entity_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* amortized_entity_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* adjacency_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* amortized_adjacency_storage,
                                 const Tag* tag_array,
                                 unsigned num_tags,
                                 type_memstorage* tag_storage,
                                 type_memstorage* amortized_tag_storage )
{
    estimated_memory_use_internal( &ents, total_storage, total_amortized_storage, entity_storage,
                                   amortized_entity_storage, adjacency_storage, amortized_adjacency_storage, tag_array,
                                   num_tags, tag_storage, amortized_tag_storage );
}

void Core::print_database() const
{
    ErrorCode rval;
    TypeSequenceManager::const_iterator i;
    const TypeSequenceManager& verts = sequence_manager()->entity_map( MBVERTEX );
    if( !verts.empty() )
        printf( "  Vertex ID  X        Y        Z        Adjacencies   \n"
                "  ---------- -------- -------- -------- -----------...\n" );
    const EntityHandle* adj;
    int nadj;
    for( i = verts.begin(); i != verts.end(); ++i )
    {
        const VertexSequence* seq = static_cast< const VertexSequence* >( *i );
        printf( "(Sequence [%d,%d] in SequenceData [%d,%d])\n", (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( seq->start_handle() ),
                (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( seq->end_handle() ), (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( seq->data()->start_handle() ),
                (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( seq->data()->end_handle() ) );

        double c[3];
        for( EntityHandle h = seq->start_handle(); h <= seq->end_handle(); ++h )
        {
            rval = seq->get_coordinates( h, c );
            if( MB_SUCCESS == rval )
                printf( "  %10d %8g %8g %8g", (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( h ), c[0], c[1], c[2] );
            else
                printf( "  %10d <       ERROR %4d       >", (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( h ), (int)rval );

            rval = a_entity_factory()->get_adjacencies( h, adj, nadj );
            if( MB_SUCCESS != rval )
            {
                printf( " <ERROR %d>\n", (int)rval );
                continue;
            }
            EntityType pt = MBMAXTYPE;
            for( int j = 0; j < nadj; ++j )
            {
                if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( adj[j] ) != pt )
                {
                    pt = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( adj[j] );
                    printf( "  %s", pt >= MBMAXTYPE ? "INVALID TYPE" : CN::EntityTypeName( pt ) );
                }
                printf( " %d", (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( adj[j] ) );
            }
            printf( "\n" );
        }
    }

    for( EntityType t = MBEDGE; t < MBENTITYSET; ++t )
    {
        const TypeSequenceManager& elems = sequence_manager()->entity_map( t );
        if( elems.empty() ) continue;

        int clen = 0;
        for( i = elems.begin(); i != elems.end(); ++i )
        {
            int n = static_cast< const ElementSequence* >( *i )->nodes_per_element();
            if( n > clen ) clen = n;
        }

        clen *= 5;
        if( clen < (int)strlen( "Connectivity" ) ) clen = strlen( "Connectivity" );
        std::vector< char > dashes( clen, '-' );
        dashes.push_back( '\0' );
        printf( "  %7s ID %-*s Adjacencies\n", CN::EntityTypeName( t ), clen, "Connectivity" );
        printf( "  ---------- %s -----------...\n", &dashes[0] );

        std::vector< EntityHandle > storage;
        const EntityHandle* conn;
        int nconn;
        for( i = elems.begin(); i != elems.end(); ++i )
        {
            const ElementSequence* seq = static_cast< const ElementSequence* >( *i );
            printf( "(Sequence [%d,%d] in SequenceData [%d,%d])\n", (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( seq->start_handle() ),
                    (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( seq->end_handle() ), (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( seq->data()->start_handle() ),
                    (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( seq->data()->end_handle() ) );

            for( EntityHandle h = seq->start_handle(); h <= seq->end_handle(); ++h )
            {
                printf( "  %10d", (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( h ) );
                rval = get_connectivity( h, conn, nconn, false, &storage );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != rval )
                    printf( "  <ERROR %2d>%*s", (int)rval, clen - 10, "" );
                else
                {
                    for( int j = 0; j < nconn; ++j )
                        printf( " %4d", (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( conn[j] ) );
                    printf( "%*s", clen - 5 * nconn, "" );
                }

                rval = a_entity_factory()->get_adjacencies( h, adj, nadj );
                if( MB_SUCCESS != rval )
                {
                    printf( " <ERROR %d>\n", (int)rval );
                    continue;
                }
                EntityType pt = MBMAXTYPE;
                for( int j = 0; j < nadj; ++j )
                {
                    if( TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( adj[j] ) != pt )
                    {
                        pt = TYPE_FROM_HANDLE( adj[j] );
                        printf( "  %s", pt >= MBMAXTYPE ? "INVALID TYPE" : CN::EntityTypeName( pt ) );
                    }
                    printf( " %d", (int)ID_FROM_HANDLE( adj[j] ) );
                }
                printf( "\n" );
            }
        }
    }
}

ErrorCode Core::create_scd_sequence( const HomCoord& coord_min,
                                     const HomCoord& coord_max,
                                     EntityType entity_type,
                                     EntityID start_id_hint,
                                     EntityHandle& first_handle_out,
                                     EntitySequence*& sequence_out )
{
    // NR: Previously, the structured element sequences were created via direct call to
    // the sequence manager instead of using the same from the ScdInterface which
    // creates the associated scd bounding box after element sequence creation.

    if( !scdInterface ) scdInterface = new ScdInterface( this );
    ScdBox* newBox = NULL;
    ErrorCode rval = scdInterface->create_scd_sequence( coord_min, coord_max, entity_type,
                                                        /*starting_id*/ (int)start_id_hint, newBox );MB_CHK_ERR( rval );

    if( MBVERTEX == entity_type )
        first_handle_out = newBox->get_vertex( coord_min );
    else
        first_handle_out = newBox->get_element( coord_min );
    return sequence_manager()->find( first_handle_out, sequence_out );
}

ErrorCode Core::add_vsequence( EntitySequence* vert_seq,
                               EntitySequence* elem_seq,
                               const HomCoord& p1,
                               const HomCoord& q1,
                               const HomCoord& p2,
                               const HomCoord& q2,
                               const HomCoord& p3,
                               const HomCoord& q3,
                               bool bb_input,
                               const HomCoord* bb_min,
                               const HomCoord* bb_max )
{
    return sequence_manager()->add_vsequence( vert_seq, elem_seq, p1, q1, p2, q2, p3, q3, bb_input, bb_min, bb_max );
}

}  // namespace moab