perf.cpp

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/**
 * MOAB, a Mesh-Oriented datABase, is a software component for creating,
 * storing and accessing finite element mesh data.
 *
 * Copyright 2004 Sandia Corporation.  Under the terms of Contract
 * DE-AC04-94AL85000 with Sandia Corporation, the U.S. Government
 * retains certain rights in this software.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 */

// MOAB performance tests building mapped mesh with nodes and
// hexes created one at a time.  This also creates the node to hex adjacencies.

// Different platforms follow different conventions for usage
#if !defined( _MSC_VER ) && !defined( __MINGW32__ )
#include <sys/resource.h>
#else
#include <time.h>
#endif
#ifdef SOLARIS
extern "C" int getrusage( int, struct rusage* );
#ifndef RUSAGE_SELF
#include </usr/ucbinclude/sys/rusage.h>
#endif
#endif

#ifndef IS_BUILDING_MB
#define IS_BUILDING_MB
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "moab/Core.hpp"
#include "moab/ReadUtilIface.hpp"
#include "VertexSequence.hpp"
#include "StructuredElementSeq.hpp"
#include "EntitySequence.hpp"
#include "SequenceManager.hpp"
#include "moab/HomXform.hpp"
#include "moab/SetIterator.hpp"

using namespace moab;

double LENGTH = 1.0;

void testA( const int nelem, const double* coords );
void testB( const int nelem, const double* coords, int* connect );
void testC( const int nelem, const double* coords );
void testD( const int nelem, const double* coords, int ver );
void testE( const int nelem, const double* coords, int* connect );
void print_time( const bool print_em, double& tot_time, double& utime, double& stime, long& imem, long& rmem );
void query_vert_to_elem();
void query_elem_to_vert();
void query_struct_elem_to_vert();
void query_elem_to_vert_direct();
void query_vert_to_elem_direct();
ErrorCode normalize_elems( double* coords );
void check_answers( const char* );

#define RC( msg )                                        \
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) do                        \
        {                                                \
            std::cout << "FAIL in " << msg << std::endl; \
            return;                                      \
    } while( true )
#define RR( msg )                                        \
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result ) do                        \
        {                                                \
            std::cout << "FAIL in " << msg << std::endl; \
            return result;                               \
    } while( true )

void compute_edge( double* start, const int nelem, const double xint, const int stride )
{
    for( int i = 1; i < nelem; i++ )
    {
        start[i * stride]                     = start[0] + i * xint;
        start[nelem + 1 + i * stride]         = start[nelem + 1] + i * xint;
        start[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + i * stride] = start[2 * ( nelem + 1 )] + i * xint;
    }
}

void compute_face( double* a, const int nelem, const double xint, const int stride1, const int stride2 )
{
    // 2D TFI on a face starting at a, with strides stride1 in ada and stride2 in tse
    for( int j = 1; j < nelem; j++ )
    {
        double tse = j * xint;
        for( int i = 1; i < nelem; i++ )
        {
            double ada = i * xint;

            a[i * stride1 + j * stride2] =
                ( 1.0 - ada ) * a[i * stride1] + ada * a[i * stride1 + nelem * stride2] +
                ( 1.0 - tse ) * a[j * stride2] + tse * a[j * stride2 + nelem * stride1] -
                ( 1.0 - tse ) * ( 1.0 - ada ) * a[0] - ( 1.0 - tse ) * ada * a[nelem * stride1] -
                tse * ( 1.0 - ada ) * a[nelem * stride2] - tse * ada * a[nelem * ( stride1 + stride2 )];
            a[nelem + 1 + i * stride1 + j * stride2] =
                ( 1.0 - ada ) * a[nelem + 1 + i * stride1] + ada * a[nelem + 1 + i * stride1 + nelem * stride2] +
                ( 1.0 - tse ) * a[nelem + 1 + j * stride2] + tse * a[nelem + 1 + j * stride2 + nelem * stride1] -
                ( 1.0 - tse ) * ( 1.0 - ada ) * a[nelem + 1 + 0] -
                ( 1.0 - tse ) * ada * a[nelem + 1 + nelem * stride1] -
                tse * ( 1.0 - ada ) * a[nelem + 1 + nelem * stride2] -
                tse * ada * a[nelem + 1 + nelem * ( stride1 + stride2 )];
            a[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + i * stride1 + j * stride2] =
                ( 1.0 - ada ) * a[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + i * stride1] +
                ada * a[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + i * stride1 + nelem * stride2] +
                ( 1.0 - tse ) * a[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + j * stride2] +
                tse * a[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + j * stride2 + nelem * stride1] -
                ( 1.0 - tse ) * ( 1.0 - ada ) * a[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + 0] -
                ( 1.0 - tse ) * ada * a[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + nelem * stride1] -
                tse * ( 1.0 - ada ) * a[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + nelem * stride2] -
                tse * ada * a[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + nelem * ( stride1 + stride2 )];
        }
    }
}

void build_coords( const int nelem, double*& coords )
{
    double ttime0 = 0.0, ttime1 = 0.0, utime1 = 0.0, stime1 = 0.0;
    long imem = 0, rmem = 0;
    print_time( false, ttime0, utime1, stime1, imem, rmem );
    // allocate the memory
    int numv     = nelem + 1;
    int numv_sq  = numv * numv;
    int tot_numv = numv * numv * numv;
    coords       = new double[3 * tot_numv];

// use FORTRAN-like indexing
#define VINDEX( i, j, k ) ( i + ( j * numv ) + ( k * numv_sq ) )
    int idx;
    double scale1, scale2, scale3;
    // use these to prevent optimization on 1-scale, etc (real map wouldn't have
    // all these equal)
    scale1 = LENGTH / nelem;
    scale2 = LENGTH / nelem;
    scale3 = LENGTH / nelem;

#ifdef REALTFI
    // use a real TFI xform to compute coordinates
    // compute edges
    // i (stride=1)
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( 0, 0, 0 )], nelem, scale1, 1 );
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( 0, nelem, 0 )], nelem, scale1, 1 );
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( 0, 0, nelem )], nelem, scale1, 1 );
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( 0, nelem, nelem )], nelem, scale1, 1 );
    // j (stride=numv)
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( 0, 0, 0 )], nelem, scale1, numv );
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( nelem, 0, 0 )], nelem, scale1, numv );
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( 0, 0, nelem )], nelem, scale1, numv );
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( nelem, 0, nelem )], nelem, scale1, numv );
    // k (stride=numv^2)
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( 0, 0, 0 )], nelem, scale1, numv_sq );
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( nelem, 0, 0 )], nelem, scale1, numv_sq );
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( 0, nelem, 0 )], nelem, scale1, numv_sq );
    compute_edge( &coords[VINDEX( nelem, nelem, 0 )], nelem, scale1, numv_sq );

    // compute faces
    // i=0, nelem
    compute_face( &coords[VINDEX( 0, 0, 0 )], nelem, scale1, numv, numv_sq );
    compute_face( &coords[VINDEX( nelem, 0, 0 )], nelem, scale1, numv, numv_sq );
    // j=0, nelem
    compute_face( &coords[VINDEX( 0, 0, 0 )], nelem, scale1, 1, numv_sq );
    compute_face( &coords[VINDEX( 0, nelem, 0 )], nelem, scale1, 1, numv_sq );
    // k=0, nelem
    compute_face( &coords[VINDEX( 0, 0, 0 )], nelem, scale1, 1, numv );
    compute_face( &coords[VINDEX( 0, 0, nelem )], nelem, scale1, 1, numv );

    // initialize corner indices
    int i000 = VINDEX( 0, 0, 0 );
    int ia00 = VINDEX( nelem, 0, 0 );
    int i0t0 = VINDEX( 0, nelem, 0 );
    int iat0 = VINDEX( nelem, nelem, 0 );
    int i00g = VINDEX( 0, 0, nelem );
    int ia0g = VINDEX( nelem, 0, nelem );
    int i0tg = VINDEX( 0, nelem, nelem );
    int iatg = VINDEX( nelem, nelem, nelem );
    double cX, cY, cZ;
    int adaInts   = nelem;
    int tseInts   = nelem;
    int gammaInts = nelem;

    for( int i = 1; i < nelem; i++ )
    {
        for( int j = 1; j < nelem; j++ )
        {
            for( int k = 1; k < nelem; k++ )
            {
                // idx = VINDEX(i,j,k);
                double tse   = i * scale1;
                double ada   = j * scale2;
                double gamma = k * scale3;
                double tm1   = 1.0 - tse;
                double am1   = 1.0 - ada;
                double gm1   = 1.0 - gamma;

                cX = gm1 * ( am1 * ( tm1 * coords[i000] + tse * coords[i0t0] ) +
                             ada * ( tm1 * coords[ia00] + tse * coords[iat0] ) ) +
                     gamma * ( am1 * ( tm1 * coords[i00g] + tse * coords[i0tg] ) +
                               ada * ( tm1 * coords[ia0g] + tse * coords[iatg] ) );

                cY = gm1 * ( am1 * ( tm1 * coords[i000] + tse * coords[i0t0] ) +
                             ada * ( tm1 * coords[ia00] + tse * coords[iat0] ) ) +
                     gamma * ( am1 * ( tm1 * coords[i00g] + tse * coords[i0tg] ) +
                               ada * ( tm1 * coords[ia0g] + tse * coords[iatg] ) );

                cZ = gm1 * ( am1 * ( tm1 * coords[i000] + tse * coords[i0t0] ) +
                             ada * ( tm1 * coords[ia00] + tse * coords[iat0] ) ) +
                     gamma * ( am1 * ( tm1 * coords[i00g] + tse * coords[i0tg] ) +
                               ada * ( tm1 * coords[ia0g] + tse * coords[iatg] ) );

                double* ai0k = &coords[VINDEX( k, 0, i )];
                double* aiak = &coords[VINDEX( k, adaInts, i )];
                double* a0jk = &coords[VINDEX( k, j, 0 )];
                double* atjk = &coords[VINDEX( k, j, tseInts )];
                double* aij0 = &coords[VINDEX( 0, j, i )];
                double* aijg = &coords[VINDEX( gammaInts, j, i )];

                coords[VINDEX( i, j, k )] = ( am1 * ai0k[0] + ada * aiak[0] + tm1 * a0jk[0] + tse * atjk[0] +
                                              gm1 * aij0[0] + gamma * aijg[0] ) /
                                                2.0 -
                                            cX / 2.0;

                coords[nelem + 1 + VINDEX( i, j, k )] =
                    ( am1 * ai0k[nelem + 1] + ada * aiak[nelem + 1] + tm1 * a0jk[nelem + 1] + tse * atjk[nelem + 1] +
                      gm1 * aij0[nelem + 1] + gamma * aijg[nelem + 1] ) /
                        2.0 -
                    cY / 2.0;

                coords[2 * ( nelem + 1 ) + VINDEX( i, j, k )] =
                    ( am1 * ai0k[2 * ( nelem + 1 )] + ada * aiak[2 * ( nelem + 1 )] + tm1 * a0jk[2 * ( nelem + 1 )] +
                      tse * atjk[2 * ( nelem + 1 )] + gm1 * aij0[2 * ( nelem + 1 )] +
                      gamma * aijg[2 * ( nelem + 1 )] ) /
                        2.0 -
                    cZ / 2.0;
            }
        }
    }

#else
    for( int i = 0; i < numv; i++ )
    {
        for( int j = 0; j < numv; j++ )
        {
            for( int k = 0; k < numv; k++ )
            {
                idx = VINDEX( i, j, k );
                // blocked coordinate ordering
                coords[idx]                = i * scale1;
                coords[tot_numv + idx]     = j * scale2;
                coords[2 * tot_numv + idx] = k * scale3;
            }
        }
    }
#endif
    print_time( false, ttime1, utime1, stime1, imem, rmem );
    //  std::cout << "MOAB: TFI time = " << ttime1-ttime0 << " sec"
    //            << std::endl;
}

void build_connect( const int nelem, const EntityHandle /*vstart*/, int*& connect )
{
    // allocate the memory
    int nume_tot = nelem * nelem * nelem;
    connect      = new int[8 * nume_tot];

    EntityHandle vijk;
    int numv    = nelem + 1;
    int numv_sq = numv * numv;
    int idx     = 0;
    for( int i = 0; i < nelem; i++ )
    {
        for( int j = 0; j < nelem; j++ )
        {
            for( int k = 0; k < nelem; k++ )
            {
                vijk           = VINDEX( i, j, k );
                connect[idx++] = vijk;
                connect[idx++] = vijk + 1;
                connect[idx++] = vijk + 1 + numv;
                connect[idx++] = vijk + numv;
                connect[idx++] = vijk + numv * numv;
                connect[idx++] = vijk + 1 + numv * numv;
                connect[idx++] = vijk + 1 + numv + numv * numv;
                connect[idx++] = vijk + numv + numv * numv;
                assert( i <= numv * numv * numv );
            }
        }
    }
}

Interface* gMB;
Tag pos_tag, pos2_tag;

void init()
{
    gMB               = new Core();
    double def_val[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
    ErrorCode rval =
        gMB->tag_get_handle( "position_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == rval );
    if( rval ) {}  // empty line to remove compiler warning
    rval = gMB->tag_get_handle( "position2_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos2_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == rval );
}

int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
    int nelem = 20;
    if( argc < 3 )
    {
        std::cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <ints_per_side> [A|B|C|D [1|2|3|4]|E]" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    char which_test = '\0';
    int ver         = 0;

    sscanf( argv[1], "%d", &nelem );
    if( argc >= 3 ) sscanf( argv[2], "%c", &which_test );
    if( argc >= 4 ) sscanf( argv[3], "%d", &ver );

    if( 3 <= argc && which_test != 'A' && which_test != 'B' && which_test != 'C' && which_test != 'D' &&
        which_test != 'E' )
    {
        std::cout << "Must indicate A or B, C, D or E for test." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    if( 4 <= argc && which_test == 'D' && ( ver < 1 || ver > 4 ) )
    {
        std::cout << "Must indicate version 1, 2, 3, or 4 for test D." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    //  std::cout << "number of elements: " << nelem << "; test "
    //            << which_test << std::endl;

    // pre-build the coords array
    double* coords = NULL;
    build_coords( nelem, coords );
    assert( NULL != coords );

    int* connect = NULL;

    // test A: create structured mesh
    if( '\0' == which_test || 'A' == which_test ) testA( nelem, coords );

    build_connect( nelem, 1, connect );

    // test B: create mesh using bulk interface
    if( '\0' == which_test || 'B' == which_test ) testB( nelem, coords, connect );

    // test C: create mesh using individual interface
    if( '\0' == which_test || 'C' == which_test ) testC( nelem, coords );

    // test D: query mesh using iterators
    if( '\0' == which_test || 'D' == which_test ) testD( nelem, coords, ver );

    // test E: query mesh using direct access
    if( '\0' == which_test || 'E' == which_test ) testE( nelem, coords, connect );

    return 0;
}

void query_elem_to_vert()
{
    Range all_hexes;
    ErrorCode result = gMB->get_entities_by_type( 0, MBHEX, all_hexes );
    RC( "query_elem_to_vert" );
    const EntityHandle* connect;
    int num_connect;
    double dum_coords[24];
    for( Range::iterator eit = all_hexes.begin(); eit != all_hexes.end(); ++eit )
    {
        result = gMB->get_connectivity( *eit, connect, num_connect );
        RC( "query_elem_to_vert" );
        result = gMB->get_coords( connect, num_connect, dum_coords );
        RC( "query_elem_to_vert" );

        // compute the centroid
        double centroid[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
        for( int j = 0; j < 8; j++ )
        {
            centroid[0] += dum_coords[3 * j + 0];
            centroid[1] += dum_coords[3 * j + 1];
            centroid[2] += dum_coords[3 * j + 2];
        }
        centroid[0] *= 0.125;
        centroid[1] *= 0.125;
        centroid[2] *= 0.125;
        result = gMB->tag_set_data( pos_tag, &( *eit ), 1, centroid );
        RC( "query_elem_to_vert" );
    }
}

void query_vert_to_elem()
{
    Range all_verts;
    std::vector< EntityHandle > neighbor_hexes;
    std::vector< double > neighbor_pos;
    double coords[3];
    neighbor_pos.resize( 3 * 8 );  // average vertex will have 8 adjacent hexes
    ErrorCode result = gMB->get_entities_by_type( 0, MBVERTEX, all_verts );
    RC( "query_vert_to_elem" );
    for( Range::iterator vit = all_verts.begin(); vit != all_verts.end(); ++vit )
    {
        neighbor_hexes.clear();
        result = gMB->get_coords( &( *vit ), 1, coords );
        RC( "query_vert_to_elem" );
        result = gMB->get_adjacencies( &( *vit ), 1, 3, false, neighbor_hexes );
        RC( "query_vert_to_elem" );
        assert( neighbor_pos.size() >= 3 * neighbor_hexes.size() );
        result = gMB->tag_get_data( pos2_tag, &neighbor_hexes[0], neighbor_hexes.size(), &neighbor_pos[0] );
        RC( "query_vert_to_elem" );
        for( unsigned int i = 0; i < neighbor_hexes.size(); i++ )
        {
            neighbor_pos[3 * i] += coords[0];
            neighbor_pos[3 * i + 1] += coords[1];
            neighbor_pos[3 * i + 2] += coords[2];
        }

        result = gMB->tag_set_data( pos2_tag, &neighbor_hexes[0], neighbor_hexes.size(), &neighbor_pos[0] );
        RC( "query_vert_to_elem" );
    }

    // get all hexes and divide pos_tag by 8; reuse all_verts
    result = normalize_elems( coords );
    RC( "query_vert_to_elem" );
}

void query_elem_to_vert_iters( int chunk_size, bool check_valid, std::vector< EntityHandle >& connect,
                               double* dum_coords, double* dum_pos )
{
    std::vector< EntityHandle > hexes;
    SetIterator* iter;
    ErrorCode result = gMB->create_set_iterator( 0, MBHEX, -1, chunk_size, check_valid, iter );
    RC( "query_elem_to_vert_iters" );
    bool atend = false;
    while( !atend )
    {
        hexes.clear();
        result = iter->get_next_arr( hexes, atend );
        RC( "query_elem_to_vert_iters" );
        result = gMB->get_connectivity( &hexes[0], hexes.size(), connect );
        RC( "query_elem_to_vert_iters" );
        result = gMB->get_coords( &connect[0], connect.size(), dum_coords );
        RC( "query_elem_to_vert_iters" );
        result = gMB->tag_get_data( pos_tag, &hexes[0], hexes.size(), dum_pos );
        RC( "query_elem_to_vert_iters" );
        for( unsigned int i = 0; i < hexes.size(); i++ )
        {
            // compute the centroid
            for( int j = 0; j < 8; j++ )
            {
                dum_pos[3 * i + 0] += dum_coords[24 * i + 3 * j];
                dum_pos[3 * i + 1] += dum_coords[24 * i + 3 * j + 1];
                dum_pos[3 * i + 2] += dum_coords[24 * i + 3 * j + 2];
            }
            dum_pos[3 * i + 0] *= 0.125;
            dum_pos[3 * i + 1] *= 0.125;
            dum_pos[3 * i + 2] *= 0.125;
        }
        result = gMB->tag_set_data( pos_tag, &hexes[0], hexes.size(), dum_pos );
        RC( "query_elem_to_vert_iters" );
    }

    delete iter;
}

void query_vert_to_elem_iters( int chunk_size, bool check_valid, std::vector< EntityHandle >& /*connect*/,
                               double* dum_coords, double* dum_pos )
{
    std::vector< EntityHandle > verts, neighbor_hexes;
    SetIterator* iter;
    ErrorCode result = gMB->create_set_iterator( 0, MBVERTEX, -1, chunk_size, check_valid, iter );
    RC( "query_vert_to_elem_iters" );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
    bool atend = false;
    while( !atend )
    {
        verts.clear();
        result = iter->get_next_arr( verts, atend );
        RC( "query_vert_to_elem_iters" );
        result = gMB->get_coords( &verts[0], verts.size(), dum_coords );
        RC( "query_vert_to_elem_iters" );
        chunk_size = std::min( (int)verts.size(), chunk_size );
        for( int i = 0; i < chunk_size; i++ )
        {
            neighbor_hexes.clear();
            result = gMB->get_adjacencies( &verts[i], 1, 3, false, neighbor_hexes );
            RC( "query_vert_to_elem_iters" );
            result = gMB->tag_get_data( pos2_tag, &neighbor_hexes[0], neighbor_hexes.size(), dum_pos );
            RC( "query_vert_to_elem_iters" );
            for( unsigned int j = 0; j < neighbor_hexes.size(); j++ )
            {
                dum_pos[3 * j + 0] += dum_coords[3 * i + 0];
                dum_pos[3 * j + 1] += dum_coords[3 * i + 1];
                dum_pos[3 * j + 2] += dum_coords[3 * i + 2];
            }
            result = gMB->tag_set_data( pos2_tag, &neighbor_hexes[0], neighbor_hexes.size(), dum_pos );
            RC( "query_vert_to_elem_iters" );
        }
    }

    result = normalize_elems( dum_coords );
    RC( "query_vert_to_elem_iters" );
}

// normalize pos_tag on all elems by 1/8; coords assumed large enough to hold 3 doubles
ErrorCode normalize_elems( double* coords )
{
    // get all hexes and divide pos_tag by 8
    Range elems;
    ErrorCode result = gMB->get_entities_by_type( 0, MBHEX, elems );
    RR( "normalize" );

    for( Range::iterator vit = elems.begin(); vit != elems.end(); ++vit )
    {
        result = gMB->tag_get_data( pos2_tag, &( *vit ), 1, coords );
        RR( "normalize" );
        coords[0] *= 0.125;
        coords[1] *= 0.125;
        coords[2] *= 0.125;
        result = gMB->tag_set_data( pos2_tag, &( *vit ), 1, coords );
        RR( "normalize" );
    }

    return result;
}

void query_struct_elem_to_vert()
{
    // assumes brick mapped mesh with handles starting at zero
    Range all_hexes;
    ErrorCode result = gMB->get_entities_by_type( 0, MBHEX, all_hexes );
    RC( "query_struct_elem_to_vert" );
    double dum_coords[24];
    std::vector< EntityHandle > connect;
    for( Range::iterator eit = all_hexes.begin(); eit != all_hexes.end(); ++eit )
    {
        result = gMB->get_connectivity( &( *eit ), 1, connect );
        RC( "query_struct_elem_to_vert" );
        result = gMB->get_coords( &connect[0], connect.size(), dum_coords );
        RC( "query_struct_elem_to_vert" );

        double centroid[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
        for( int j = 0; j < 8; j++ )
        {
            centroid[0] += dum_coords[3 * j + 0];
            centroid[1] += dum_coords[3 * j + 1];
            centroid[2] += dum_coords[3 * j + 2];
        }
        centroid[0] *= 0.125;
        centroid[1] *= 0.125;
        centroid[2] *= 0.125;
        result = gMB->tag_set_data( pos_tag, &( *eit ), 1, centroid );
        RC( "query_struct_elem_to_vert" );
    }
}

#if defined( _MSC_VER ) || defined( __MINGW32__ )
void print_time( const bool print_em, double& tot_time, double& utime, double& stime, long& imem, long& rmem )
{
    utime = (double)clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
    if( print_em ) std::cout << "Total wall time = " << utime << std::endl;
    tot_time = stime = 0;
    imem = rmem = 0;
}
#else
void print_time( const bool print_em, double& tot_time, double& utime, double& stime, long& imem, long& rmem )
{
    struct rusage r_usage;
    getrusage( RUSAGE_SELF, &r_usage );
    utime = (double)r_usage.ru_utime.tv_sec + ( (double)r_usage.ru_utime.tv_usec / 1.e6 );
    stime = (double)r_usage.ru_stime.tv_sec + ( (double)r_usage.ru_stime.tv_usec / 1.e6 );
    tot_time = utime + stime;
    if( print_em )
        std::cout << "User, system, total time = " << utime << ", " << stime << ", " << tot_time << std::endl;
#ifndef LINUX
    if( print_em )
    {
        std::cout << "Max resident set size = " << r_usage.ru_maxrss << " kbytes" << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Int resident set size = " << r_usage.ru_idrss << std::endl;
    }
    imem = r_usage.ru_idrss;
    rmem = r_usage.ru_maxrss;
#else
    system( "ps o args,drs,rss | grep perf | grep -v grep" );  // RedHat 9.0 doesnt fill in actual
                                                               // memory data
    imem = rmem = 0;
#endif
}
#endif

void testA( const int nelem, const double* coords )
{
    double ttime0 = 0.0, ttime1 = 0.0, ttime2 = 0.0, ttime3 = 0.0, ttime4 = 0.0, utime = 0.0, stime = 0.0;
    long imem0 = 0, rmem0 = 0, imem1 = 0, rmem1 = 0, imem2 = 0, rmem2 = 0, imem3 = 0, rmem3 = 0, imem4 = 0, rmem4 = 0;

    print_time( false, ttime0, utime, stime, imem0, rmem0 );

    // make a 3d block of vertices
    EntitySequence* dum_seq    = NULL;
    ScdVertexData* vseq        = NULL;
    StructuredElementSeq* eseq = NULL;
    init();
    Core* mbcore = dynamic_cast< Core* >( gMB );
    assert( mbcore != NULL );
    SequenceManager* seq_mgr = mbcore->sequence_manager();
    HomCoord vseq_minmax[2]  = { HomCoord( 0, 0, 0 ), HomCoord( nelem, nelem, nelem ) };
    EntityHandle vstart, estart;

    ErrorCode result = seq_mgr->create_scd_sequence( vseq_minmax[0], vseq_minmax[1], MBVERTEX, 1, vstart, dum_seq );
    RC( "testA" );
    if( NULL != dum_seq ) vseq = dynamic_cast< ScdVertexData* >( dum_seq->data() );
    assert( MB_FAILURE != result && vstart != 0 && dum_seq != NULL && vseq != NULL );
    // now the element sequence
    result = seq_mgr->create_scd_sequence( vseq_minmax[0], vseq_minmax[1], MBHEX, 1, estart, dum_seq );
    if( NULL != dum_seq ) eseq = dynamic_cast< StructuredElementSeq* >( dum_seq );
    assert( MB_FAILURE != result && estart != 0 && dum_seq != NULL && eseq != NULL );

    // only need to add one vseq to this, unity transform
    // trick: if I know it's going to be unity, just input 3 sets of equivalent points
    result = eseq->sdata()->add_vsequence( vseq, vseq_minmax[0], vseq_minmax[0], vseq_minmax[0], vseq_minmax[0],
                                           vseq_minmax[0], vseq_minmax[0] );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );

    // set the coordinates of the vertices
    EntityHandle handle;
    int i;
    double dumv[3];
    int num_verts = ( nelem + 1 ) * ( nelem + 1 ) * ( nelem + 1 );
    for( i = 0, handle = vstart; i < num_verts; i++, handle++ )
    {
        dumv[0] = coords[i];
        dumv[1] = coords[num_verts + i];
        dumv[2] = coords[2 * num_verts + i];
        result  = gMB->set_coords( &handle, 1, dumv );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
    }

    print_time( false, ttime1, utime, stime, imem1, rmem1 );

    // query the mesh 2 ways
    query_struct_elem_to_vert();

    print_time( false, ttime2, utime, stime, imem2, rmem2 );

    query_vert_to_elem();

    print_time( false, ttime3, utime, stime, imem3, rmem3 );

#ifndef NDEBUG
    check_answers( "A" );
#endif

    delete gMB;

    print_time( false, ttime4, utime, stime, imem4, rmem4 );

    std::cout << "MOAB_scd:nelem,construct,e_to_v,v_to_e,after_dtor,total= " << nelem << " " << ttime1 - ttime0 << " "
              << ttime2 - ttime1 << " " << ttime3 - ttime2 << " " << ttime4 - ttime3 << " " << ttime4 - ttime0
              << " seconds" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "MOAB_scd_memory(rss):initial,after_construction,e-v,v-e,after_dtor= " << rmem0 << " " << rmem1 << " "
              << rmem2 << " " << rmem3 << " " << rmem4 << " kb" << std::endl;
}

void testB( const int nelem, const double* coords, int* connect )
{
    double ttime0 = 0.0, ttime1 = 0.0, ttime2 = 0.0, ttime3 = 0.0, ttime4 = 0.0, utime = 0.0, stime = 0.0;
    long imem0 = 0, rmem0 = 0, imem1 = 0, rmem1 = 0, imem2 = 0, rmem2 = 0, imem3 = 0, rmem3 = 0, imem4 = 0, rmem4 = 0;

    print_time( false, ttime0, utime, stime, imem0, rmem0 );

    int num_verts = ( nelem + 1 ) * ( nelem + 1 ) * ( nelem + 1 );
    int num_elems = nelem * nelem * nelem;
    EntityHandle vstart, estart;

    // get the read interface
    ReadUtilIface* readMeshIface;
    init();
    gMB->query_interface( readMeshIface );

    // create a sequence to hold the node coordinates
    // get the current number of entities and start at the next slot
    std::vector< double* > coord_arrays;
    ErrorCode result = readMeshIface->get_node_coords( 3, num_verts, 1, vstart, coord_arrays );
    RC( "testB" );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result && 1 == vstart && coord_arrays[0] && coord_arrays[1] && coord_arrays[2] );
    // memcpy the coordinate data into place
    memcpy( coord_arrays[0], coords, sizeof( double ) * num_verts );
    memcpy( coord_arrays[1], &coords[num_verts], sizeof( double ) * num_verts );
    memcpy( coord_arrays[2], &coords[2 * num_verts], sizeof( double ) * num_verts );

    EntityHandle* conn = 0;
    result             = readMeshIface->get_element_connect( num_elems, 8, MBHEX, 1, estart, conn );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
    for( int i = 0; i < num_elems * 8; i++ )
        conn[i] = vstart + connect[i];

    delete[] connect;

    result = readMeshIface->update_adjacencies( estart, num_elems, 8, conn );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );

    print_time( false, ttime1, utime, stime, imem1, rmem1 );

    // query the mesh 2 ways
    query_elem_to_vert();

    print_time( false, ttime2, utime, stime, imem2, rmem2 );

    query_vert_to_elem();

    print_time( false, ttime3, utime, stime, imem3, rmem3 );

#ifndef NDEBUG
    check_answers( "B" );
#endif

    delete gMB;

    print_time( false, ttime4, utime, stime, imem4, rmem4 );

    std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_blocked:nelem,construct,e_to_v,v_to_e,after_dtor,total= " << nelem << " " << ttime1 - ttime0
              << " " << ttime2 - ttime1 << " " << ttime3 - ttime2 << " " << ttime4 - ttime3 << " " << ttime4 - ttime0
              << " seconds" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "MOAB_ucdblocked_memory_(rss):initial,after_construction,e-v,v-e,after_dtor= " << rmem0 << " " << rmem1
              << " " << rmem2 << " " << rmem3 << " " << rmem4 << " kb" << std::endl;
}

void testC( const int nelem, const double* coords )
{
    double ttime0 = 0.0, ttime1 = 0.0, ttime2 = 0.0, ttime3 = 0.0, ttime4 = 0.0, utime = 0.0, stime = 0.0;
    long imem0 = 0, rmem0 = 0, imem1 = 0, rmem1 = 0, imem2 = 0, rmem2 = 0, imem3 = 0, rmem3 = 0, imem4 = 0, rmem4 = 0;

    print_time( false, ttime0, utime, stime, imem0, rmem0 );

    // create the vertices; assume we don't need to keep a list of vertex handles, since they'll
    // be created in sequence
    int numv             = nelem + 1;
    int numv_sq          = numv * numv;
    int num_verts        = numv * numv * numv;
    double dum_coords[3] = { coords[0], coords[num_verts], coords[2 * num_verts] };
    EntityHandle vstart;

    init();
    ErrorCode result = gMB->create_vertex( dum_coords, vstart );
    RC( "testC" );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result && 1 == vstart );

    EntityHandle dum_vert, vijk;
    int i;
    for( i = 1; i < num_verts; i++ )
    {
        dum_coords[0] = coords[i];
        dum_coords[1] = coords[num_verts + i];
        dum_coords[2] = coords[2 * num_verts + i];
        result        = gMB->create_vertex( dum_coords, dum_vert );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
    }

    EntityHandle dum_conn[8];
    for( i = 0; i < nelem; i++ )
    {
        for( int j = 0; j < nelem; j++ )
        {
            for( int k = 0; k < nelem; k++ )
            {
                vijk        = vstart + VINDEX( i, j, k );
                dum_conn[0] = vijk;
                dum_conn[1] = vijk + 1;
                dum_conn[2] = vijk + 1 + numv;
                dum_conn[3] = vijk + numv;
                dum_conn[4] = vijk + numv * numv;
                dum_conn[5] = vijk + 1 + numv * numv;
                dum_conn[6] = vijk + 1 + numv + numv * numv;
                dum_conn[7] = vijk + numv + numv * numv;
                result      = gMB->create_element( MBHEX, dum_conn, 8, dum_vert );
                assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
            }
        }
    }

    print_time( false, ttime1, utime, stime, imem1, rmem1 );

    // query the mesh 2 ways
    query_elem_to_vert();

    print_time( false, ttime2, utime, stime, imem2, rmem2 );

    query_vert_to_elem();

    print_time( false, ttime3, utime, stime, imem3, rmem3 );

#ifndef NDEBUG
    check_answers( "C" );
#endif

    delete gMB;

    print_time( false, ttime4, utime, stime, imem4, rmem4 );

    std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_indiv:nelem,construct,e_to_v,v_to_e,after_dtor,total= " << nelem << " " << ttime1 - ttime0
              << " " << ttime2 - ttime1 << " " << ttime3 - ttime2 << " " << ttime4 - ttime3 << " " << ttime4 - ttime0
              << " seconds" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_indiv_memory_(rss):initial,after_construction,e-v,v-e,after_dtor= " << rmem0 << " " << rmem1
              << " " << rmem2 << " " << rmem3 << " " << rmem4 << " kb" << std::endl;
}

void testD( const int nelem, const double* coords, int ver )
{
    double ttime0 = 0.0, ttime1 = 0.0, ttime2 = 0.0, ttime3 = 0.0, ttime4 = 0.0, ttime5 = 0.0, ttime6 = 0.0,
           ttime7 = 0.0, ttime8 = 0.0, ttime9 = 0.0, ttime10 = 0.0, utime = 0.0, stime = 0.0;
    long imem0 = 0, rmem0 = 0, imem1 = 0, rmem1 = 0, imem2 = 0, rmem2 = 0, imem3 = 0, rmem3 = 0, imem4 = 0, rmem4 = 0,
         imem5 = 0, rmem5 = 0, imem6 = 0, rmem6 = 0, imem7 = 0, rmem7 = 0, imem8 = 0, rmem8 = 0, imem9 = 0, rmem9 = 0,
         imem10 = 0, rmem10 = 0;

    print_time( false, ttime0, utime, stime, imem0, rmem0 );

    // create the vertices; assume we don't need to keep a list of vertex handles, since they'll
    // be created in sequence
    int numv      = nelem + 1;
    int numv_sq   = numv * numv;
    int num_verts = numv * numv * numv;
    std::vector< double > dum_coords( 24 ), dum_pos( 24 );
    dum_coords[0] = coords[0];
    dum_coords[1] = coords[num_verts];
    dum_coords[2] = coords[2 * num_verts];
    EntityHandle vstart;

    init();
    ErrorCode result = gMB->create_vertex( &dum_coords[0], vstart );
    RC( "testD" );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result && 1 == vstart );

    EntityHandle dum_vert, vijk;
    int i;
    for( i = 1; i < num_verts; i++ )
    {
        dum_coords[0] = coords[i];
        dum_coords[1] = coords[num_verts + i];
        dum_coords[2] = coords[2 * num_verts + i];
        result        = gMB->create_vertex( &dum_coords[0], dum_vert );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
    }

    EntityHandle dum_conn[8];
    for( i = 0; i < nelem; i++ )
    {
        for( int j = 0; j < nelem; j++ )
        {
            for( int k = 0; k < nelem; k++ )
            {
                vijk        = vstart + VINDEX( i, j, k );
                dum_conn[0] = vijk;
                dum_conn[1] = vijk + 1;
                dum_conn[2] = vijk + 1 + numv;
                dum_conn[3] = vijk + numv;
                dum_conn[4] = vijk + numv * numv;
                dum_conn[5] = vijk + 1 + numv * numv;
                dum_conn[6] = vijk + 1 + numv + numv * numv;
                dum_conn[7] = vijk + numv + numv * numv;
                result      = gMB->create_element( MBHEX, dum_conn, 8, dum_vert );
                assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
            }
        }
    }

    print_time( false, ttime1, utime, stime, imem1, rmem1 );

    // query the mesh 2 ways with !check_valid
    std::vector< EntityHandle > connect( 8 );
#ifndef NDEBUG
    // used only in debug mode
    double def_val[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
#endif
    if( ver == 0 || ver == 1 )
    {
        query_elem_to_vert_iters( 1, false, connect, &dum_coords[0], &dum_pos[0] );
        print_time( false, ttime2, utime, stime, imem2, rmem2 );
        query_vert_to_elem_iters( 1, false, connect, &dum_coords[0], &dum_pos[0] );
        print_time( false, ttime3, utime, stime, imem3, rmem3 );
#ifndef NDEBUG
        check_answers( "D" );
        result = gMB->tag_delete( pos_tag );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result =
            gMB->tag_get_handle( "position_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result = gMB->tag_delete( pos2_tag );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result =
            gMB->tag_get_handle( "position2_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos2_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
#endif
    }

    if( ver == 0 || ver == 2 )
    {
        if( ver != 0 ) print_time( false, ttime3, utime, stime, imem3, rmem3 );
        query_elem_to_vert_iters( 1, true, connect, &dum_coords[0], &dum_pos[0] );
        print_time( false, ttime4, utime, stime, imem4, rmem4 );
        query_vert_to_elem_iters( 1, true, connect, &dum_coords[0], &dum_pos[0] );
        print_time( false, ttime5, utime, stime, imem5, rmem5 );
#ifndef NDEBUG
        check_answers( "D" );
        result = gMB->tag_delete( pos_tag );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result =
            gMB->tag_get_handle( "position_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result = gMB->tag_delete( pos2_tag );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result =
            gMB->tag_get_handle( "position2_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos2_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
#endif
    }

    if( ver == 0 || ver >= 3 )
    {
        dum_coords.resize( 2400 );
        dum_pos.resize( 300 );
    }
    if( ver == 0 || ver == 3 )
    {
        if( ver != 0 ) print_time( false, ttime5, utime, stime, imem3, rmem3 );
        query_elem_to_vert_iters( 100, false, connect, &dum_coords[0], &dum_pos[0] );
        print_time( false, ttime6, utime, stime, imem6, rmem6 );
        query_vert_to_elem_iters( 100, false, connect, &dum_coords[0], &dum_pos[0] );
        print_time( false, ttime7, utime, stime, imem7, rmem7 );
#ifndef NDEBUG
        check_answers( "D" );
        result = gMB->tag_delete( pos_tag );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result =
            gMB->tag_get_handle( "position_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result = gMB->tag_delete( pos2_tag );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result =
            gMB->tag_get_handle( "position2_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos2_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
#endif
    }

    if( ver == 0 || ver == 4 )
    {
        if( ver != 0 ) print_time( false, ttime7, utime, stime, imem3, rmem3 );
        query_elem_to_vert_iters( 100, true, connect, &dum_coords[0], &dum_pos[0] );
        print_time( false, ttime8, utime, stime, imem8, rmem8 );
        query_vert_to_elem_iters( 100, true, connect, &dum_coords[0], &dum_pos[0] );
        print_time( false, ttime9, utime, stime, imem9, rmem9 );
#ifndef NDEBUG
        check_answers( "D" );
        result = gMB->tag_delete( pos_tag );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result =
            gMB->tag_get_handle( "position_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result = gMB->tag_delete( pos2_tag );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
        result =
            gMB->tag_get_handle( "position2_tag", 3, MB_TYPE_DOUBLE, pos2_tag, MB_TAG_DENSE | MB_TAG_CREAT, def_val );
        assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
#endif
    }

    if( ver > 0 && ver < 4 ) print_time( false, ttime9, utime, stime, imem9, rmem9 );
    delete gMB;

    print_time( false, ttime10, utime, stime, imem10, rmem10 );

    if( ver == 0 || ver == 1 )
    {
        std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_iters_!check_valid_1:nelem,construct,e-v,v-e,after_dtor,total= " << nelem << " "
                  << ttime1 - ttime0 << " " << ttime2 - ttime1 << " " << ttime3 - ttime2 << " " << ttime10 - ttime9
                  << " " << ttime3 - ttime0 + ttime10 - ttime9 << std::endl;
        std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_iters_memory_(rss)_!check_valid_1:initial,after_construction,e-v,v-"
                     "e,after_dtor= "
                  << rmem0 << " " << rmem1 << " " << rmem2 << " " << rmem3 << " " << rmem10 << " kb" << std::endl;
    }
    if( ver == 0 || ver == 2 )
    {
        std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_iters_check_valid_1:nelem,construct,e-v,v-e,after_dtor,total= " << nelem << " "
                  << ttime1 - ttime0 << " " << ttime4 - ttime3 << " " << ttime5 - ttime4 << " " << ttime10 - ttime9
                  << " " << ttime1 - ttime0 + ttime5 - ttime3 + ttime10 - ttime9 << std::endl;
        std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_iters_memory_(rss)_check_valid_1:initial,after_construction,e-v,v-e,"
                     "after_dtor= "
                  << rmem0 << " " << rmem1 << " " << rmem2 << " " << rmem3 << " " << rmem10 << " kb" << std::endl;
    }
    if( ver == 0 || ver == 3 )
    {
        std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_iters_!check_valid_100:nelem,construct,e-v,v-e,after_dtor,total= " << nelem << " "
                  << ttime1 - ttime0 << " " << ttime6 - ttime5 << " " << ttime7 - ttime6 << " " << ttime10 - ttime9
                  << " " << ttime1 - ttime0 + ttime7 - ttime5 + ttime10 - ttime9 << std::endl;
        std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_iters_memory_(rss)_!check_valid_100:initial,after_construction,e-v,"
                     "v-e,after_dtor= "
                  << rmem0 << " " << rmem1 << " " << rmem6 << " " << rmem7 << " " << rmem10 << " kb" << std::endl;
    }
    if( ver == 0 || ver == 4 )
    {
        std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_iters_check_valid_100:nelem,construct,e-v,v-e,after_dtor,total= " << nelem << " "
                  << ttime1 - ttime0 << " " << ttime8 - ttime7 << " " << ttime9 - ttime8 << " " << ttime10 - ttime9
                  << " " << ttime1 - ttime0 + ttime10 - ttime7 << std::endl;
        std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_iters_memory_(rss)_check_valid_100:initial,after_construction,e-v,v-"
                     "e,after_dtor= "
                  << rmem0 << " " << rmem1 << " " << rmem8 << " " << rmem9 << " " << rmem10 << " kb" << std::endl;
    }
}

void testE( const int nelem, const double* coords, int* connect )
{
    double ttime0 = 0.0, ttime1 = 0.0, ttime2 = 0.0, ttime3 = 0.0, ttime4 = 0.0, ttime5 = 0.0, ttime6 = 0.0,
           utime = 0.0, stime = 0.0;
    long imem0 = 0, rmem0 = 0, imem1 = 0, rmem1 = 0, imem2 = 0, rmem2 = 0, imem3 = 0, rmem3 = 0, imem4 = 0, rmem4 = 0,
         imem5 = 0, rmem5 = 0, imem6 = 0, rmem6 = 0;

    print_time( false, ttime0, utime, stime, imem0, rmem0 );

    int num_verts = ( nelem + 1 ) * ( nelem + 1 ) * ( nelem + 1 );
    int num_elems = nelem * nelem * nelem;
    EntityHandle vstart, estart;

    // get the read interface
    ReadUtilIface* readMeshIface;
    init();
    gMB->query_interface( readMeshIface );

    // create a sequence to hold the node coordinates
    // get the current number of entities and start at the next slot
    std::vector< double* > coord_arrays;
    ErrorCode result = readMeshIface->get_node_coords( 3, num_verts, 1, vstart, coord_arrays );
    RC( "testE" );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result && 1 == vstart && coord_arrays[0] && coord_arrays[1] && coord_arrays[2] );
    // memcpy the coordinate data into place
    memcpy( coord_arrays[0], coords, sizeof( double ) * num_verts );
    memcpy( coord_arrays[1], &coords[num_verts], sizeof( double ) * num_verts );
    memcpy( coord_arrays[2], &coords[2 * num_verts], sizeof( double ) * num_verts );

    EntityHandle* conn = 0;
    result             = readMeshIface->get_element_connect( num_elems, 8, MBHEX, 1, estart, conn );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
    for( int i = 0; i < num_elems * 8; i++ )
        conn[i] = vstart + connect[i];

    delete[] connect;

    Range verts( vstart, vstart + num_verts - 1 ), elems( estart, estart + num_elems - 1 );

    result = readMeshIface->update_adjacencies( estart, num_elems, 8, conn );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );

    print_time( false, ttime1, utime, stime, imem1, rmem1 );

    // query the mesh 2 ways
    query_elem_to_vert_direct();

    print_time( false, ttime2, utime, stime, imem2, rmem2 );

    query_vert_to_elem_direct();

    print_time( false, ttime3, utime, stime, imem3, rmem3 );

#ifndef NDEBUG
    check_answers( "E" );
#endif

    query_elem_to_vert_direct();

    print_time( false, ttime4, utime, stime, imem4, rmem4 );

    query_vert_to_elem_direct();

    print_time( false, ttime5, utime, stime, imem5, rmem5 );

#ifndef NDEBUG
    check_answers( "E" );
#endif

    delete gMB;

    print_time( false, ttime6, utime, stime, imem6, rmem6 );

    std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_direct:nelem,construct,e_to_v,v_to_e,after_dtor,total= " << nelem << " " << ttime1 - ttime0
              << " " << ttime2 - ttime1 << " " << ttime3 - ttime2 << " " << ttime6 - ttime5 << " "
              << ttime3 - ttime0 + ttime6 - ttime5 << " seconds" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_direct_memory_(rss):initial,after_construction,e-v,v-e,after_dtor= " << rmem0 << " " << rmem1
              << " " << rmem2 << " " << rmem3 << " " << rmem6 << " kb" << std::endl;

    std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_direct2:nelem,construct,e_to_v,v_to_e,after_dtor,total= " << nelem << " " << ttime1 - ttime0
              << " " << ttime4 - ttime3 << " " << ttime5 - ttime4 << " " << ttime6 - ttime5 << " "
              << ttime1 - ttime0 + ttime6 - ttime3 << " seconds" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "MOAB_ucd_direct2_memory_(rss):initial,after_construction,e-v,v-e,after_dtor= " << rmem0 << " "
              << rmem1 << " " << rmem4 << " " << rmem5 << " " << rmem6 << " kb" << std::endl;
}

void query_elem_to_vert_direct()
{
    Range all_hexes, all_verts;
    ErrorCode result = gMB->get_entities_by_type( 0, MBHEX, all_hexes );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
    result = gMB->get_entities_by_type( 0, MBVERTEX, all_verts );
    RC( "query_elem_to_vert_direct" );
    EntityHandle* connect;
    int ecount, vcount, vpere;
    double* coords[3];

    result = gMB->connect_iterate( all_hexes.begin(), all_hexes.end(), connect, vpere, ecount );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result || ecount != (int)all_hexes.size() )
    {
        std::cout << "FAILED in connect_iterate!" << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    result = gMB->coords_iterate( all_verts.begin(), all_verts.end(), coords[0], coords[1], coords[2], vcount );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result || vcount != (int)all_verts.size() )
    {
        std::cout << "FAILED in coords_iterate!" << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    double* centroid;
    result = gMB->tag_iterate( pos_tag, all_hexes.begin(), all_hexes.end(), ecount, (void*&)centroid );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result || ecount != (int)all_hexes.size() )
    {
        std::cout << "FAILED in connect_iterate!" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    EntityHandle vstart = *all_verts.begin();
    for( int i = 0; i < ecount; i++ )
    {
        // compute the centroid
        for( int j = 0; j < vpere; j++ )
        {
            int vind = *connect - vstart;
            connect++;
            centroid[3 * i + 0] += coords[0][vind];
            centroid[3 * i + 1] += coords[1][vind];
            centroid[3 * i + 2] += coords[2][vind];
        }

        // now normalize
        centroid[3 * i + 0] *= 0.125;
        centroid[3 * i + 1] *= 0.125;
        centroid[3 * i + 2] *= 0.125;
    }
}

void query_vert_to_elem_direct()
{
    Range all_verts, tmp_ents;
    ErrorCode result = gMB->get_entities_by_type( 0, MBVERTEX, all_verts );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );

    // make sure vertex-element adjacencies are created
    result = gMB->get_adjacencies( &( *all_verts.begin() ), 1, 3, false, tmp_ents );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );

    const std::vector< EntityHandle >** adjs;
    int count;
    result = gMB->adjacencies_iterate( all_verts.begin(), all_verts.end(), adjs, count );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result && count != (int)all_verts.size() )
    {
        std::cout << "FAILED:adjacencies_iterate." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    double* coords[3];
    result = gMB->coords_iterate( all_verts.begin(), all_verts.end(), coords[0], coords[1], coords[2], count );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result || count != (int)all_verts.size() )
    {
        std::cout << "FAILED in coords_iterate!" << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    // get all hexes, then iterator over pos2_tag
    double* centroid;
    int ecount;
    tmp_ents.clear();
    result = gMB->get_entities_by_type( 0, MBHEX, tmp_ents );
    assert( MB_SUCCESS == result );
    result = gMB->tag_iterate( pos2_tag, tmp_ents.begin(), tmp_ents.end(), ecount, (void*&)centroid );
    if( MB_SUCCESS != result || ecount != (int)tmp_ents.size() )
    {
        std::cout << "FAILED in tag_iterate!" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    int i;
    Range::iterator vit;
    EntityHandle estart = *tmp_ents.begin();
    for( vit = all_verts.begin(), i = 0; vit != all_verts.end(); ++vit, i++ )
    {
        assert( adjs[i] );
        for( std::vector< EntityHandle >::const_iterator vit2 = adjs[i]->begin(); vit2 != adjs[i]->end(); ++vit2 )
            if( *vit >= estart )
            {
                int eind = *vit2 - estart;
                centroid[3 * eind + 0] += coords[0][i];
                centroid[3 * eind + 1] += coords[1][i];
                centroid[3 * eind + 2] += coords[2][i];
            }
    }

    // now normalize
    for( i = 0; i < (int)tmp_ents.size(); i++ )
    {
        centroid[3 * i + 0] *= 0.125;
        centroid[3 * i + 1] *= 0.125;
        centroid[3 * i + 2] *= 0.125;
    }
}

void check_answers( const char* /*test_name*/ )
{
    Range elems;
    ErrorCode result = gMB->get_entities_by_type( 0, MBHEX, elems );
    RC( "check_answers" );

    double coords1[3], coords2[3], del[3];
    double diff = 0.0;
    for( Range::iterator vit = elems.begin(); vit != elems.end(); ++vit )
    {
        result = gMB->tag_get_data( pos_tag, &( *vit ), 1, coords1 );
        RC( "check_answers" );
        result = gMB->tag_get_data( pos2_tag, &( *vit ), 1, coords2 );
        RC( "check_answers" );
        for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
            del[i] = fabs( coords1[i] - coords2[i] );
        if( del[0] || del[1] || del[2] )
        {
            double len2 = std::max( coords1[0] * coords1[0] + coords1[1] * coords1[1] + coords1[2] * coords1[2],
                                    coords2[0] * coords2[0] + coords2[1] * coords2[1] + coords2[2] * coords2[2] ),
                   num  = del[0] * del[0] + del[1] * del[1] + del[2] * del[2];
            if( len2 > 0.0 )
                diff = std::max( diff, num / sqrt( len2 ) );
            else if( num > 0.0 )
                diff = sqrt( num );
        }
    }
    if( diff > 0.0 ) std::cout << "Max relative difference = " << diff << std::endl;
}